三峡库区生态系统服务功能重要性评价

Abstract

在RS与GIS技术支持下,选择研究区比较重要的生物多样性保护、土壤保持、水源涵养和营养物质保持四个生态系统服务功能,建立生态系统服务功能重要性评价模型与方法,对三峡库区重庆段生态系统服务功能进行综合研究,定量揭示了研究区生态系统服务功能重要性程度及其空间分布规律。结果表明:(1)生物多样性保护高度重要以上地区的面积比达到了15%以上;极重要地区主要呈斑块状分布在东北部、中部和东南部。(2)土壤保持极重要区占据绝对优势地位,面积比为68.80％;土壤保持极重要区主要分布在万州及其东北部地区。(3)水源涵养一般重要区面积最大,其次为极重要地区;极重要区沿江河呈带状分布,高度重要区主要分布在极重要区两侧沿江河呈环带状分布。(4)营养物质保持一般重要区面积最大;其次是极重要区;极重要区基本呈条带形分布在植被覆盖较好的山脉及江河两侧。(5)生态系统服务功能极重要和高度重要区的面积占到了研究区总面积的近50%;极重要区基本沿主要江河两侧第一层分水岭和西部平行岭谷区的山脊呈条带形分布;高度重要区基本分布在极重要区两侧层环带形分布,少部分零散分布。;This paper selected four major ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, soil conservation, water conservation and nutrients conservation, to evaluate the ecosystem services of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area using GIS and RS techniques. We investigated the importance and spatial distribution of these services in a quantitative way. The results indicate that: (1) The percentage of the area with extremely and strongly important biodiversity conservation service reaches 15% of the total TGR area. The areas with extremely important biodiversity conservation present patchy distributions in the northeastern, central and southeastern parts of the TGR area; (2) The percentage of the areas with extremely important soil conservation is 68.80%. These areas are mainly distribute in Wanzhou and the regions northeast to Wanzhou; (3) The areas dominated by the slightly important water conservation service are widely distributed in the study region and are followed by those with extremely important water conservation service. The areas with extremely important water conservation service are located along the main streams, and the areas with moderately important water conservation service are distributed along the two sides of the main streams; (4) The areas with slightly important nutrients conservation service occupy the largest areas of the TGR area and are followed by those with extremely important nutrients conservation. The areas with extremely important nutrients conversation service are mainly distributed in zonal distribution along two sides of the rivers and streams, and the ridges; (5) The percentage of the areas with extremely and moderately important ecosystem services is about 50%. The areas with extremely important ecosystem services are distributed along the first watershed of main rivers and streams, and the ridges in the paralleled ridge-valley region in the west of the study region. The areas with moderately important ecosystem services are mainly distributed along the two sides of the above-mentioned areas and scatteringly distributed along the main streams.