摂丹型民家の形成について

Abstract

It is the object of this paper to make clear the reason of the formation of the Settan type which is the characteristic plan type among many types of the farm houses in the Edo period. Settan type is featured by having the entrance on the gable side. Judging from some of the oldest ermains in the seventeenth century, the plan of this type consisted of three chanmbers arranged in single file and dirty floor to parallel with them. Each of the chambers is called 'Zashiki' (parlor), 'Daidokoro' (living and dinning), and 'Nando' (bed room) from the front to the back. Zashiki has a wide veranda in frant of itself. Conseqently, Settan type constitutes the formalized fasade for the farm house. Settan type is distributed over three provinces, Yamashiro, Settsu, and Tanba (equal to Kyoto, Osaka, and Hyogo Prefecture at present time). What does this distribution mean? After many researches, I was aware of the correspondence of this distribution with the dominant area of the Hosokawa who was substantially the execter of the Muromachi Shogunate from the middle of the fifteenth century to the middle of the sixteenth century. In this period, the upper-most class farmers were given the political privelege and played the part of the official ruler of thier villages. On the other hand, it is thought that the residents in the houses belonging to this type in the seventeenth century were the desendants of them. It is conjectured, therefore, that Settan type was formed as the result of emphasizing the social parts in planning, that is a parlor and a wide veranda, in front. In addition to this tendency, probably, the privelege of using 'Hafu' (the triangle board on the gable side of the roof) which had been only used by the upper-class in the Middle Ages, might have been permited to them in return for their special position. As the result, the gable side of their houses might have been put in the front to exaggrate it. The older type planning was re-organized in accompany with these occurrences. Thus, Settan type had been formed in this region by the first half of the sixteenth century.