山西平陆黄河湿地植物分类学多样性研究

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 山西平陆黄河湿地植物分类学多样性 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312032872 作者: 作者单位: 山西大学 生命科学学院 太原,山西大学 生命科学学院 太原,山西大学黄土高原研究所 太原;山西大学 生命科学学院 太原 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 山西省回国留学人员科研项目(20100012); 山西省自然科学基金项目(2013011037-1); 科技部科技基础性工作专项资助(2011FY110300) Plant taxonomic diversity in Yellow River Wetland in Pinglu, Shanxi Author: Affiliation: School of Life Science,Shanxi University,,Institute of Loss Plateau,School of Life Science,Shanxi University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:传统的物种多样性通常使用物种数量指标α和β等多样性指数进行测度,由于其对取样和样本大小有依赖关系且极其敏感,因此取样方法的不同会对多样性的结果产生显著影响。分类学多样性方法基于分类学系统关系测量物种多样性,弥补了传统方法的不足,同时面对各种变量和不受控制的取样具有稳健性,同时也考虑了集合的分类学均匀度。不仅能反映植物群落多样性,还能间接反映环境与扰动间的关系,用于识别生态系统或生境是否处于退化阶段。为了探究平陆黄河湿地的物种多样性,检验分类学多样性方法在植物生态学方面的应用,选取了16个样地进行植物调查,并结合历史资料整理了种子植物名录,结果表明平陆黄河湿地共有植物368种,隶属于36目67科213属。含种最多的科为菊科和禾本科,分别为54种和45种。应用平均分类学差异指数(Δ+)和分类学差异变异指数(Λ+)研究了各样地的植物物种多样性:Δ+和Λ+的理论平均值分别为74.24和480;位于三门峡大坝上游和下游的样地和不同群落类型的分类学多样性均没有显著差异(P>0.05)。受人类干扰较大的车村和鳖干平均分类学差异指数值显著较低, Δ+分别为62.28和67.41,位于95%的置信漏斗外;而水分条件较好且人为干扰较少的南沟渡口和三湾湖平均分类学差异指数值最高为分别81.30和79.94。车村的分类差异变异指数值最高为814.44,其物种在不同分类阶元分布最不均一,涧北的分类差异变异指数值最低为423.31,其物种分布相对较均一。传统的多样性方法难以全面的反映某个区域的物种组成、分布和多样性,此外分类学多样性的高低与物种数量的多少没有一定的相关关系, Δ+与S、Λ+与S的相关关系分别为-0.257和-0.187(P > 0.05)。耕作、生态旅游、日常活动等人为干扰因素可能是造成平陆黄河湿地分类学多样性降低及物种在不同分类等级间分布不均匀的主要原因。 Abstract:A study of traditional diversity study focuses on the number of species in a given ecosystem. Traditional indices are extremely sensitive to the sampling method and sample size; changes in sampling efforts often significantly impact on the level of diversity in an ecosystem, and it is difficult to compare data sets collected at different times and regions. Taxonomic diversity is used to measure species diversity, and not only species abundances and distribution but also taxonomic relatedness are considered. Furthermore, this method is robust and minimally influenced by variables or uncontrolled sampling efforts. On the other hand, taxonomic evenness of an assemblage should also be considered. It not only reflects community diversity; but also provides information on the relationship between environmental factors and indirect disturbance, which are often applied to identify whether the ecological system or environment is undergoing degradation. To explore the species diversity in Yellow River Wetlands, Pinglu,Shanxi, and to test the application of taxonomic diversity in plant ecology, 16 sites were chosen around the Sanmenxia Dam, Pinglu and a species list was established. In the present study, 368 species belonging to 213 genera, 67 families and 36 orders were recorded in this region. Most of the species belonged to the families Compositae (54 species) and Poaceae (45 species). Plant species diversity was studied using average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) and variation in taxonomic distinctness (Λ+) and a confidence funnel was obtained. The expected value of Δ+ and Λ+ were 74.24 and 480, respectively. No significant difference were observed among the different stands both upstream and downstream of Sanmenxia Dam and various community types (P>0.05). The average taxonomic distinctness values of Checun (62.28) and Biegan (67.41), which severely disturbed by human activities, were lower and below the confidence limit. The average taxonomic distinctness values for Nangou Ferry and Sanwan Lake, which were sites with better water availability and less disturbance, were higher, (81.30 and 79.94,respectively). The value of Λ+in Checun (814.44) was the highest, suggesting that the species distribution in this site was less homogeneous. The value of Λ+ in Jianbei (423.31) was the lowest, with species distribution being homogeneous. Traditional diversity methods hardly reflect species composition, distribution and diversity; and there is no certain correlations between taxonomic diversity and species number. The correlation coefficient between Δ+ and S was 0.257(P > 0.05), and that between Λ+ and S was -0.187(P > 0.05). Anthropogenic activites such as cultivation and tourism are dominant factors that have caused the significant decrease in taxonomic diversity and non-uniform sapatial distribution of species of different taxa in Yellow River Wetlands. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献