原型启发思维能力与蔡格尼克效应以及创造性倾向的关系

Abstract

以20个科学发明创造问题为实验材料，采用“测试10个问题–学习10个问题”以及“测试–回忆”两个阶段的实验范式，考察原型启发中启发思维能力(高、低原型启发思维能力)与蔡格尼克效应以及创造性倾向的关系，结果发现：1) 蔡格尼克效应差异显著，原型启发思维能力强的被试蔡格尼克效应更明显；2) 解决科学问题时，有原型材料的情况下出现了原型启发效应，且原型启发思维能力与创造性倾向是相关的；3) 人格中的创造性倾向会影响到个体对于科学发明创造问题的敏感性，创造性倾向越高的被试敏感性越高，问题解决的正确率也越高。 Based on the “prototype elicitation” theory, the goal of the research was to examine whether a re-lation exists between the Zeigarnik effect and creative thinking ability in prototype elicitation. This study selected 20 scientific inventions-creations problems as the material and adopted the “10 vs 10” learning and testing experimental paradigm as well as “testing-recalling” experimental paradigm. The result showed that: 1) the Zeigarnik effect is more evident for participants with high creative thinking ability than the low ones; 2) the creative personality will affect people’s sensitivity for creative problems, and the one with high sensitivity can solve more problems; 3) prototype elicitation effect occurred when heuristic information was offered in creative problem solving.