绿色基础设施的生态及社会功能研究进展

Abstract

随着城市化进程的加快，城市硬化地表不断挤占透水表面，使得绿色基础设施规模不断下降、破碎化程度逐渐加大，严重影响了绿色基础设施服务功能的有效发挥。绿色基础设施的发展经历了早期萌芽、初步形成和快速发展三个阶段，主要在宏观尺度研究区域生态安全，中观尺度促进城市可持续发展，微观尺度解决社区生态环境问题。目前绿色基础设施的研究内容集中在其生态功能和社会功能两个方面，主要关注调蓄降雨径流、消减非点源污染、调节区域微气候、居民健康与福祉和空间布局公平性。而供需结构的合理配置也是决定绿色基础设施服务水平的关键因素。未来的研究应加强与相关学科的交叉融合，完善绿色基础设施功能的测度与评估方法，将绿色基础设施建设与实际规划相结合，以期为区域可持续发展和国家生态文明建设提供支撑与保障。;The world is currently undergoing unprecedented urbanization which has contributed to replacement of the existing natural green spaces with impervious surfaces. The reduction and fragmentation of green infrastructure can result in environmental challenges locally, regionally and beyond, due to biochemical and physical changes to ecological systems. Specifically, the rapid increase in area of impervious surfaces reduces rainwater interception, storage and infiltration, resulting in a concomitant increase in runoff generation in urban catchments. Therefore, nature-based solutions, denoted as green infrastructure, have been widely recommended to reduce stormwater runoff, improve water quality, cool urban air temperature, provide ecosystem sustainability and so on. The development of green infrastructure has experienced three stages:early germination, initial formation, and rapid development. The research mainly focuses on the regionally ecological security in the macro scale, promotes the sustainable development of the city in the meso scale, and solves the community ecological environment problems in the micro scale. At present, the research content of green infrastructure includes two aspects:ecological function and social function, mainly concentrated on the regulation of rainfall runoff, reduction of non-point source pollution, regulation of regional microclimate, residents' health and well-being, and spatial distribution equity. The supply and demand structure of green infrastructure is also the key factor effecting the service quality of green infrastructure. Generally, the service function of green infrastructure will increase with the increase of its scale, but the imbalance of supply and demand allocation of local green infrastructure often leads to the problem of local service surplus or shortage. At present, the development of green infrastructure is difficult to meet the needs of China's rapid urbanization. The quantitative evaluation of green infrastructure function is insufficient, and the research on supply and demand structure is not deep enough. Future research should strengthen the cross integration with related disciplines, improve the measurement and evaluation methods of green infrastructure function, and combine green infrastructure construction with spatial planning, in order to provide support for regional sustainable development and national ecological civilization construction.