长期定位施肥对山东潮土磷肥回收率演变及不同作物磷素吸收的影响

Abstract

以小麦-玉米轮作农田为研究对象，通过连续33年的长期定位试验研究山东潮土不同施肥模式下磷肥回收率演变趋势及小麦玉米对磷素吸收特征。结果表明，磷肥回收率与施肥模式之间存在很大关系，平衡施肥处理及平衡施肥增施有机肥可提高磷肥回收率；氮磷施肥、平衡施肥处理(Olsen P 0~80 mg/kg)和玉米平衡施肥增施有机肥处理(Olsen P 0~200 mg/kg)磷肥回收率随土壤有效磷的增加而增加，磷钾处理(Olsen P 0~80 mg/kg)与之相反；不同施肥模式下，增施有机肥处理作物吸磷量明显大于无机肥处理；无机肥处理中小麦吸磷量大于玉米吸磷量，增施有机肥处理中小麦和玉米吸磷量相当。这为潮土区磷肥管理和土壤培肥提供了重要理论依据。 The evolution trend of phosphate fertilizer recovery efficiency and the phosphorus uptake characteristics of wheat maize under different fertilization modes in Shandong fluvo-aquic soil were studied by continuous 33-year long-term located experiment, where a wheat-maize rotation was practiced. The results showed that there was a great relationship between phosphate fertilizer recovery efficiency and fertilization modes. Balanced fertilization treatment and balanced fertilization increased with manure could increase phosphate fertilizer recovery efficiency. There was a positive correlation between phosphate fertilizer recovery efficiency and available phosphorus of soils for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, balanced fertilization (0 - 80 mg/kg) and balanced fertilization additional with manure (0 - 200 mg/kg), while there was a negative correlation for phosphorus and potassium fertilization. The phosphorus uptake of the increased organic manure treatments was higher than that of inorganic fertilization under different fertilization modes. The amount of phosphorus uptake by wheat was higher than that of maize for inorganic fertilization treatment, and the amount of both was similar in increased organic manure treatment. This provides an important theoretical basis for phosphate fertilizer management and soil fertility in fluvo-aquic areas.