石羊河流域地下水系统脆弱性影响机理研究

Abstract

为满足社会经济迅速的发展及日益增长的人口用水需求，人们对地下水进行了过度及不合理开发利用，从而引起一系列地下水的水环境问题，如，地下水位下降、水质恶化、水量减少等。特别是在干旱半干旱地区，水资源的污染加剧了水资源的紧缺状况，供需矛盾更加尖锐。本文以西北内陆河典型流域石羊河流域为例，从气温、蒸发量、降水量、径流量、水文地质构造等自然因素、土地资源及水资源的不合理开发利用等人为因素以及生态环境因素三个层面揭示了地下水系统脆弱性机理。分析结果表明：石羊河流域地下水系统的脆弱性是自然因素、人为因素和生态环境因素共同作用的结果。其中，在人类活动影响下，地下水和生态环境互为因果的恶性循环关系在使生态环境恶化的同时，也在水质和水量方面加剧了地下水系统功能的衰退。本文研究可为干旱区地下水资源保护提供理论指导意义。 With social and economic development and increasing demand of water, over exploitation of groundwater has caused a lot of groundwater environment problems, such as, worse water quality, decrease of groundwater table and water quantity. For the arid and semi-arid area, water resources pollution has made the water shortage more severe and the unbalance in water supply and demand sharper. Taking a typical watershed, Shiyang River watershed as an example, this paper analyzed the groundwater conno-tation and revealed the vulnerable mechanism from the natural, human and environmental factors. Analysis showed that groundwater vulnerability in Shiyang River Basin was impacted by the overall in-fluence of natural factors, human activities and environment. Under the influences of human activity, groundwater and ecology environment interacted with each other, which degraded the ecological system and sharpened the degradation of groundwater from quality and quantity. This research will have im-portant theoretical and practical guiding meanings.