集合住宅における高齢化およびサロン活動に関する意識調査

Abstract

Mutual support is sought after because the increasing number of elderly residents living in apartment complexes has become a problem in recent years. This study focused on mutual support interchanges for the elderly through “salon activities” and conducted a survey in order to understand the requirements for encouraging participation. An internet survey of residents of apartment complexes in suburban Tokyo was conducted in June 2015, and 1087 valid responses were obtained. The target age was 50 years or older, which is assumed to be the age of those who will receive mutual support through salon activities. In order to represent these activities, the survey form contained illustrations of four different types of salon activities. The items were arranged as follows: based on the “scale of the apartment complex, ” “awareness of aging” of the residents affects the “expectation of activities” and “activity needs (necessary/participation).” Results were analyzed by organizing the constructs based on methods such as factor analysis. The causal order of the below items was estimated, and the causal relationship between the variables was examined through graphical modeling. Next, responses on self-report measures by “ experienced persons of salon activities” and “inexperienced persons ”were utilized in SEM analyses. The results supported the model, and subsequent multiple-group analysis showed that the relationships and degrees of association among factors were almost comparable between the two cohorts. It should be noted that the causal arrangement of “activity needs” was based on the additive model in MTMM. 【 “scale of the apartment complex, ”→“awareness of aging”→“expectation of activities”→“activity needs (necessary/participation).” 】 Discussion of the causal model 1) “Scale of the apartment complex, ” The overall effect of each variable of the “number of households” regarding “aging and expectation of activities” were positive for “experienced persons” and “inexperienced persons”. That is, when there are many households in an apartment complex, salon activities increase mutual awareness on safety issues such as crime prevention and disaster prevention. "The activity that everyone tends to participate casually" is important to advance participation. 2) “Awareness of aging” When there is awareness on the existence of low-income elderly residents with no one to depend on, the necessity for salon activities is apparent. However, awareness on the existence of bigoted and impolite elderly residents prevents others from participating. Thus, before aging progresses, it's important to suggest participation. 3) “Activity needs (necessary/participation).” With regard to activity needs, an analysis of the additive model found that awareness on the necessity of the salon leads to participation. Necessity was affected the most by expectations from “preparation for disasters and old age.” Items related to expectations in daily life appeared to directly affect participation. Thus, in determining salon activities, such as in meetings, it is effective to appeal to the necessity of “preparation for disasters and old age.” In subsequent efforts, it was effective to examine policies that foster participation in “activities that encourage household exchanges and give purpose of life” related to daily life as raising awareness on the need for salon activities.