Abstract
This paper describes characteristics of scaling mechanism in open cooling systems. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) Scaling of total hardness is closely related to that of silica; the probability for total hardness scaling is in inverse proportion to a value of total hardness/silica in make-up water. 2) Scaling mechanism has tow types. When total alkalinity is low, deposition of magnesium silicate dominantly occurs and high total alkalinity of make-up water accelarates scaling of calcium and then silica may act as a catalyst to the deposition of calcium carbonate. 3) Scales aboundant in silica and magnesium cause less troubles, while calcium rich scales detriorate heat-exchange performance. 4) Calcium carbonate deposition does not occur in cooling water of positive Langelier index (with total hardness as high as 500mg/l), if total alkalinity is low. Scaling in low alkalinity water is due to the synergism of hardness and silica, while in high calcium hardness and total alkalinity water calcium carbonate deposition occurs in accordance with Langerlier's expression.
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