白马雪山自然保护区灰头小鼯鼠的巢址特征

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 白马雪山自然保护区灰头小鼯鼠的巢址特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201306081474 作者: 作者单位: 西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室,西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(31200294) Nest site characteristics of Petaurista caniceps in Baima Snow Mountain Nature Reserve Author: Affiliation: Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Rare Animals and Plants. China West Normal University,,,Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Rare Animals and Plants. China West Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:动物的巢为其育幼、避敌和休息等提供了适宜的空间,因此,了解其巢址特征对于物种的保护和管理有着重要的意义。灰头小鼯鼠是一种小型树栖、夜行性哺乳动物,在国内主要分布在中部、南部及西南地区。2012年4月至6月和2012年9月至12月在白马雪山国家级自然保护区对灰头小鼯鼠的巢址特征进行了初步研究。结果表明:灰头小鼯鼠共利用2种巢,在针叶树上,灰头小鼯鼠多利用树枝巢;在阔叶树上,灰头小鼯鼠仅利用树洞巢。巢多紧靠树干(0.2±0.1) m,平均巢高(11.3±0.8) m,巢口无方向偏好。灰头小鼯鼠喜欢选择冠幅更大、通道数更多的树上筑巢,此外,其对郁闭度大,灌木盖度高的生境有明显的选择性。 Abstract:Nests provide a comfortable environment for individuals to raise young, avoid predators and rest, therefore, nesting is a critical facet of life for many species. A detailed understanding of nest site characteristics of species is important for the development of sound conservation and habitat management plan. The Grey-headed flying squirrel (Petaurista caniceps) is a small, nocturnal, arboreal mammal. It is found in southern, central and southwestern China. As a mammal in the list of National Protection of Useful or Have Important Economic and Scientific Research Values in China, little is known about the nest site use of this species. We conducted research on the nest site characteristics of the Grey-headed flying squirrel at three spatial scales (nest placement, nest tree, and nest site) in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, in order to reveal the important ecological factors affecting the nest site selection of Grey-headed flying squirrel and further enrich wild species ecological and biological data. Data were collected from June to August and September to December 2012. The results showed that Grey-headed flying squirrel preferred two types of nest which included drey and cavity. All nests were found in the live trees. Dreys were typically made up of twigs, bark, moss and other materials. Dreys had larger openings (12.1±0.1) cm (n=15) than those of cavities(10.8±0.5) cm (n=15)(Mann-Whitney U test Z=-3.521, P=0.000), and shallower nests were built in the case of dreys (23.4±1.1) cm than cavities (59.2±1.2) cm (Mann-Whitney U test Z=-4.692, P=0.000). Most nests of the flying squirrel were built close to the main trunk (0.2±0.1) m and at a similar height (11.3±0.8) m (n=30). The average relative height of the nests is (0.67±0.03), indicating that Grey-headed flying squirrel usually built nest in the upper part of the tree. There was significant difference (One-Way ANOVA Test, F1,28=38.865, P=0.000)in the relative height between dreys (0.77±0.03) and cavities (0.51±0.03), but not (One-Way ANOVA Test, F1,28=2.195, P=0.150) in the average nest height. The Grey-headed flying squirrel did not show a significant preference (χ2=13.733,df=7,P=0.056) to the nest entrance direction. We found most cavities in the broadleaf trees (i.e. Quercus aquifolioides, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Acer oliverianumi) and dreys only in the conifer species (i.e. pinus yunnanensis, Sabina pingii). The DBH (average diameter at breast height) and the average height of drey trees was significantly smaller than those of cavity trees. Characteristics of nest trees and nest sites were compared with randomly selected trees and sites. Grey-headed flying squirrel prefers to the nest trees with larger crown size and more access routes. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that differences in slope, slope position, slope aspect, and distance to water between nest sites and random sites was non-significant. On the contrary, nest sites used by Grey-headed flying squirrel differed from the random sites in that their larger canopy cover and higher shrub cover, suggesting that the Grey-headed flying squirrel seem to select nesting areas with high security and food availability. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献