北京市两栖爬行动物空间分布格局及影响因素

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 北京市两栖爬行动物空间分布格局及影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202102260534 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估项目 Spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of amphibians and reptiles in Beijing Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:基于遥感和野外调查数据,研究北京市两栖爬行动物空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果显示,北京记录两栖爬行动物2纲3目10科17属22种,其中,保护物种15种,占物种总数的68.19%。物种分布整体呈现由西北向东南递减的空间特征,西北部山区丰富度和相对多度较大,门头沟和延庆物种丰富度最大(14种),占调查物种总数的66.67%,优势种为中国林蛙、黑斑侧褶蛙、中华蟾蜍和山地麻蜥;门头沟、怀柔、房山分布了全市71.54%的种群数量;200-500 m海拔段物种丰富度最高(18种),主要生境为森林灌丛;物种数在6种以上的网格有11个,包括大滩、怀九河、百花山、拒马河、密云水库等。总体来看,物种种类和数量相较之前呈现减少趋势,而土地用途转换具有重要影响。1980-2018年,建设用地表现出以东西城为核心向外围扩张的趋势,侵占的农田占生态系统总转换面积的42.85%;城六区和平原区的主要物种为黑斑侧褶蛙和中华蟾蜍,少有中国林蛙分布。进一步分析两栖动物1500 m的迁徙距离内,森林灌丛和农田为主要的生境类型,城市扩张侵占了部分农田;同时,污染物的排放引起水体水质下降,特别是北运河水系,造成两栖动物的繁殖率降低和栖息地破坏。目前,北京市各类保护地虽覆盖两栖爬行动物种类的90.91%和数量的60.45%,但在怀柔宝山镇白河上段、密云水库来水的潮河上段辛庄桥、平谷洳河大兴庄镇-峪口镇等地,仍然存在较大的保护空缺。对此,建议开展长期定位观测,构建生物多样性观测网络,并探索建立高强度土地利用下的生物多样性保护机制,从而实现生物资源可持续利用。 Abstract:Based on remote sensing and field survey data, the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of amphibians and reptiles in Beijing were studied. The results showed that 22 species of amphibians and reptiles were recorded, belonging to 17 genera, 10 families, 3 orders, 2 classes. Among them, there were 15 protected species, accounting for 68.19% of the total species. The spatial distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Beijing decreased from northwest to southeast, and the Northwest Mountainous Areas had higher species richness and relative abundance. The highest species richness (14 species) was in Mentougou District and Yanqing District, accounting for 66.67% of the total species, in which the dominant species were R. chensinensis, P. nigromaculatus, B. gargarizans, and E. brenchleyi. The population in Mentougou, Huairou and Fangshan accounted of 71.54% of Beijing. The highest richness (18 species) was at the altitude 200-500 m, and which main habitat was forest shrub. There were 11 grids with more than 6 species, including Datan, Huaijiu Lake, Baihua Mountain, Juma Lake, Miyun Reservoir, and so on. In general, the species richness and its population number showed a decreasing trend, and the most important impact was land use conversion. During 1980-2018, the construction land presented the trend of expanding to the periphery with the core of Dongcheng District and Xicheng District. The occupied farmland accounts for 42.85% of the total conversion area of the ecosystem. The main species in the six urban districts and plain area are Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Bufo gargarizans, and Rana chensinensis is few. Within the 1500 m migration distance of amphibians, the main habitat types are forest, shrub and farmland, and some farmland is occupied by urban expansion. Pollutants caused the decline of water quality resulted in habitat destruction and the decline of amphibian breeding rate. All kinds of protected areas in Beijing cover 90.91% of the habitat and 60.45% of population of amphibians and reptiles, but there are still some protection gaps in the upper section of Baihe River in Baoshan Town of Huairou District, Xinzhuangqiao in the upper section of Chaohe River from Miyun Reservoir, Daxingzhuang to yukou town of Ruhe River in Pinggu District. Therefore, it is suggested to carry out long-term positioning observation, build Biodiversity Observation Network, and explore the establishment of biodiversity protection mechanism under high-intensity land use, so as to realize the protection and sustainable utilization of biological resources. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献