新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区啮齿动物群落多样性及其与环境因子的关系

Abstract

啮齿动物的群落结构受生态环境特征影响，并能反映环境变化规律。为探讨啮齿动物群落多样性及其与环境因子间的关系，利用铗捕法获得了新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区9种生境类型的环境因子及啮齿动物群落结构数据。2019-2020年春、夏季，共布设样地291块，有效铗日55269个，调查总面积176.875 km²，记录了啮齿类分布的12个环境因子。捕获啮齿动物419只，分属1目4科10属12种，优势种为三趾跳鼠（Dipus sagitta）和五趾跳鼠（Allactaga sibirica），分别占捕获总个体数的34.13%和27.68%。分析结果显示，卡山自然保护区啮齿类捕获率最高的生境类型为沙漠（2.18%）；捕获鼠种的主要分布型为耐旱型（98.09%）。12个环境因子在9个生境类型中均呈极显著差异（P<0.01），说明该保护区啮齿动物分布的生境异质性高。冗余分析表明，海拔高度、植被种类、灌木盖度和灌木高度是决定啮齿动物群落结构最主要的4个环境因子，其中植被种数与啮齿类群落多样性呈正相关，随着植被种数数值的增加，除优势度指数外，其它多样性指数随之增加。;The community structure of rodents is influenced by the characteristics of the ecological environment and could reflect the pattern of environmental change. In order to investigate the relationship between rodent community diversities and environmental factors, we obtained data on habitat factors and rodent community structure of nine habitat types through rat clip in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang. In the spring and summer of 2019 and 2020, a total of 291 sample plots were set with 55269 available clip days, the total survey area was 176.875 km², and 12 environmental factors of each sample were recorded. A total of 419 rodents were captured, belonging to 12 species, 10 genera, 4 families and 1 order. Our results showed that the dominant species were Dipus sagitta and Allactaga sibirica, which accounted for 34.13% and 27.68% of the total individuals, respectively. The habitat type with the highest rodent capture rate was desert habitat (2.18%). The dominant distribution type of captured rodent species was drought tolerance (98.09%). The One-way ANOVA analysis showed that the 12 environmental factors were significantly different among the 9 habitat types (P<0.01), indicating that the distribution of rodents was highly heterogeneous in the Reserve. The results of redundancy analysis revealed that four environmental factors, including altitude, shrub coverage, shrub height and vegetation types, were the most important environmental factors that determined the community structure of rodents. The number of vegetation species was positively correlated with the community diversities. With the increase of the number of vegetation species, the other diversity indexes were increased in addition to the dominance index.