赣南地区景观格局变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响

Abstract

赣南地区是我国南方丘陵山地带的重要组成部分，开展景观格局变化特征及其对生态系统服务能力的影响研究，对探索该区域生态系统服务能力提升途径具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于赣南地区2000、2010、2018年3期Landsat TM/ETM遥感影像及DEM数据，采用Fragstats 4.2软件，以生态系统服务当量因子表为基础，探讨2000-2018年期间赣南地区景观格局和生态系统服务价值变化，开展该区域景观格局指数与生态系统服务价值的相关性分析。结果表明：（1）2000-2018年期间，赣南地区受人为干扰比较大，景观破碎化程度增加，景观异质性增高，类型复杂程度增强，斑块分离度增大，景观中优势斑块类型形成了比较良好的连接性；（2）生态系统服务价值由2560.97亿元/a减少到2523.54亿元/a，林地对生态系统服务价值减少的贡献率达到83.13%以上，生态系统服务类别中食物生产价值先增加后减少，其他类别价值均降低；（3）生态系统服务价值与蔓延度指数呈正相关、与香农多样性指数呈负相关。因此，快速城镇化背景下人为活动引起的景观格局变化使赣南地区生态系统服务能力降低，优化调整区域或县市区景观格局，将提升该区域的生态系统服务能力。;Due to the rapid development of social economy, urbanization, and forest industries, the ecosystem service was standing the most withering fire in the south Jiangxi, a typically hilly area in China. To finding the ways on promoting the ecosystem service of hilly area, the multiple effect of landscape pattern on ecosystem service should be investigated. In this paper, we proposed a multiple analysis system to find out the drivers (main landscape types and landscape pattern indexes) of ecosystem service value. All the data was from 2000-2018 statistical yearbook and satellite remote sensing. Landscape pattern indexes was analyzed by Fragstats 4.2 spatial tool, and the multiple relationship of the landscape pattern index and ecosystem service was analyzed by SPSS statistical software. The results showed: 1) Forest land was the dominant landscape type in the southern Jiangxi Province, but landscape type significant affected by human disturbance from 2000 to 2018, leading to an obvious increase of construction land. Fragmentation, heterogeneity, type complexity, and patch separation were all increased, and the dominant patch types in the landscape formed a good connectivity. 2) The value of ecosystem services decreased from 2560.97 billion yuan in 2000 to 2523.54 billion yuan from 2000 to 2018. The forest and construction land ecosystem service has continuous decreased by years, and the forest ecosystem service value contributed the most as a rate of 83.13% (from 2000 to 2010) and 110.75% (from 2010 to 2018). The value of all ecosystem services decreased, only food production performed a unimodal curve and had a peak value in 2010. 3)According to the analysis of the relationship between the landscape pattern index and the ecosystem services, the improvement of ecosystem service value was associated with an increase of the contagion index and reduce of the Shannon's diversity index. However, as the landscape pattern varied among different regions, the relationship of landscape pattern index and ecosystem service value also changed. This paper analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of land use and landscape pattern, investigated the multiple relationship of landscape pattern and ecosystem service under rapid urbanization. We ascertained the main drivers' traits of land use type and landscape indices to represent for changes in ecosystem service. Human interference due to the rapid urbanization gives risk to the degradation of ecosystem service, these risk claims us to do optimize adjustment of the landscape pattern of regions and increase the ability of ecosystem services.