武汉与世界城市的水景形态学对比分析

Abstract

在“武汉2049”长期发展战略规划提出将在2049年将武汉打造成为世界城市的背景下，关注到大部分的世界城市不仅拥有较高的经济水平，同时也提供一个优越的软环境，如城市水环境，为居民营造高质量的景观与居住环境。由此采用同时期遥感影像，从水景形态出发，将武汉与其他世界城市及一部分国内一二线城市进行比较，以四项重要的量化指标水体量、水斑块、水陆混合度、水岸线描述案例城市的水景特征，具体比较了8个指数包括不同类型水体量、水斑块均匀度、最大斑块比、分离度、熵值、水岸线长度、边缘密度等。研究结果显示：武汉是一个具有中等水量的城市、城市水斑块均衡、拥有相当长的水岸线、水陆混合度非常高；湖区是武汉高水陆混合度的主要原因；武汉拥有其他城市不能比肩的极长水岸线，水岸线是其最重要的城市特征。基于此总结提出了武汉在水景形态影响下的三个重点发展策略。 In November 2013, Wuhan “Year of 2049” Long-term Development Strategic Plan put forward to build Wuhan a world city. Under this background, we notice that most of the world cities not only have a higher economic level, but also have a good soft ambient just like waterscape to provide high-quality landscape and life for the citizens just like New York and Chicago. This article compares Wuhan to some typical world cities and some influential Chinese urban areas in term of the waterscape to emphasize the uniqueness and advantage. First we chose some case cities, then an evaluation system was built to analyze the water data extracted from the remote sensing image including four important quantitative indicators which were raised to describe the characteristic of the waterscape. Detailed indexes include water area, patches number, largest patch index, Split, entropy and total water line and edge density. The results indicate that Wuhan is a city with fairly large water area; its patch size is quite suitable for creating high quality living space and waterfront. The mixing degree of the land and water is extremely high and the longest waterline is a unique advantage of it. Then longest water line is the most important water character. In the comparison you can see Wuhan is the only one who owns so many lakes which several layers of living space are easy to form. Based on the research conclusion, three key development strategies were brought forward to participate in the development process of Wuhan.