Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) refers to a unique photophysical phenomenon observed for some specific fluorophores, which are faintly or non-emissive in solution but become highly emissive in solid and aggregated states. In the cases of fluorescent probes, AIE active molecules possess some unparallel advantages over their classical counterparts. On one hand, it allows more AIE active molecules to bind to the target analyte, without worrying about the aggregation-induced fluorescence quenching; thus favors fluorescence detection. On the other hand, the feature of drastic enhancement in fluorescence intensity associating with an aggregation event can be used as a method of quantitative detection. In this paper, a series of representative AIE molecules are demonstrated; their applications as biological probes in sensing of protein, DNA, G4, and chiral amines are highlighted; their working principles and features of these molecules are described. Finally, a brief outlook on the design of new AIE-active molecules and the application of AIE-molecules in relevant fields is forwarded.
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