光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜种群参数的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 光周期对两种色型豌豆蚜种群参数的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201412092435 作者: 作者单位: 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院 兰州,甘肃农业大学草业学院 草业生态系统教育部重点实验室 兰州 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类资助课题（20136202110007）；国家自然科学基金项目（31260433） Effect of photoperiod on population parameters of two color morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Author: Affiliation: College of Resource and Environmental, Gansu Agricultural University,College of Grassland Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为探讨光周期对红绿两种色型豌豆蚜种群增长的影响，于室内模拟光周期22L：2D、16L：8D、10L：14D和4L：20D四个水平，研究了红绿两种色型豌豆蚜的发育、繁殖和生命表。结果表明：相对于其它光周期，在光周期22L：2D时，红绿两种色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率最高，繁殖力最强；其红色型豌豆蚜种群增长内禀增长率（rm=0.3263）高于绿色型豌豆（rm=0.2863）。光周期16L：8D时，红色型豌豆蚜的若蚜存活率（72.22%）高于绿色型豌豆蚜（69.45%），而成蚜寿命（6.58d）较短；但绿色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率（rm=0.2648）高于红色型豌豆蚜（rm=0.2249），其种群繁殖力强。光周期10L：14D时，红色型豌豆蚜与绿色型豌豆蚜相比，若蚜存活率（80.55%）高，内禀增长率（rm=0.2490）高，种群增长力强，而绿色型豌豆蚜成蚜寿命（12.71d）较长。光周期4L：20D时，两种色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率最低，繁殖力最弱，成蚜寿命显著延长；红色型豌豆蚜若蚜存活率（64.67%）高于绿色型（35.50%），成蚜没有产生后代；绿色型豌豆蚜内禀增长率（rm=-0.0366），其种群为负增长。综上，短光照条件（4L：20D）延长了两种色型豌豆蚜的若蚜发育历期及成蚜寿命，降低了若蚜存活率、繁殖力及生命表各项参数；长光照条件（22L：2D）缩短了两种色型豌豆蚜的若蚜发育历期及成蚜寿命，若蚜存活率高、繁殖力强；红色型豌豆蚜更适宜光周期10L：14D，而绿色型豌豆蚜更适宜光周期16L：8D。 Abstract:To investigate the effects of photoperiod on population growth of the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), the development, reproduction, and life table parameters were examined for various photoperiods (22 L:2 D, 16 L:8 D, 10 L:14 D, and 4 L:20 D), controlling for light intensity (103 μmol m-2 s-1). For the 22 L:2 D photoperiod, the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid had the highest nymphal survival rates (90.28% and 88.89% respectively), the shortest duration of development (5.63 d and 6.26 d), the highest net reproductive rates (49.3472 and 47.8103), the highest average fecundity (54.56 and 55.16), the highest maximum fecundity (121 and 112 offspring per female aphid), and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm =0.3263 and 0.2863, respectively). Population growth was higher for the red color morph than the green color morph for the 22 L:2 D photoperiod. For the 16 L:8 D photoperiod, the red color morph of the pea aphid had a higher nymphal survival rate (72.22%) and shorter adult longevity (6.58 d) than those of the green color morph (69.45% and 7.08 d, respectively). However, the green color morph had a higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.2648 vs. 0.2249), indicating a higher population fecundity of the green color morph than the red color morph for the particular photoperiod. For the 10 L:14 D photoperiod, the red color morph had a higher nymphal survival rate (80.55%) and intrinsic rate of increase (0.2490) than those of the green color morph (79.17% and 0.2277, respectively). However, the green color morph had a longer duration of development (7.92 d) and adult longevity (12.71 d) than those of the red color morph (7.60 and 6.88 d, respectively). For the shortest photoperiod (4 L:20 D), the red and green color morphs of the pea aphid had the lowest nymphal survival rate (64.67% and 35.50%, respectively) and the longest duration of development (13.26 and 13.61 d). Moreover, the red color morph did not produce offspring and had a fecundity of zero. However, its intrinsic rate of increase, -0.0366, indicated negative population growth of the green color morph. In conclusion, extremely short durations of light (4 L:20 D) can prolong development and adult longevity, but reduces nymphal survival rate and the intrinsic rate of increase of two pea aphid color morphs. However, extremely long durations of light (22 L:2 D photoperiod) resulted in shortened development and decreased adult longevity, but an increased nymphal survival rate and fecundity for the two pea aphid color morphs. Moreover, the 10 L:14 D photoperiod was a more suitable condition with respect to population growth for the red color morph, but for the green color morph a photoperiod of 16 L:8 D was better. Therefore, the results of this study may facilitate artificial breeding of pea aphids and the prevention and treatment of pea aphid attacks on field crops. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying the response to photoperiod differed between the red and green color morphs of pea aphids. Further studies are needed to examine these mechanisms. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献