京津冀地区物种多样性保护优先区识别研究

Abstract

着力扩大环境容量和生态空间，加强跨区环境保护合作，是落实京津冀一体化协同发展国家战略的重要内容。摸清京津冀地区的生物多样性分布格局，可为国家公园布局、生态环境保护工程的实施提供依据。根据"自然保护区生物多样性保护价值评估技术规程（LY/T 2649-2016）"，基于京津冀地区自然保护区的综合科学考察报告，评估了京津冀地区典型自然保护区的物种多样性保护价值，并以其为因变量，以自然保护区的综合地形地貌为自变量，构建多元回归模型，同时以自然保护区的平均面积为基准，利用ArcGIS的创建"渔网"功能，将京津冀地区划分为1638个网格单元，利用构建的多元回归模型评估了这些网格单元的保护价值。结果表明：京津冀地区国家级自然保护区的保护价值平均得分为204分，比参评的全部35个自然保护区的平均分高40分；在省级自然保护区中也存在一些得分较高的自然保护区，如，唐海湿地自然保护区和河北南大港自然保护区，且超过了参评国家级自然保护区保护价值得分的平均值。京津冀地区的物种多样性保护优先区总面积为36791.35 km²，占京津冀地区总面积的16.94%，其中一级保护优先区面积4611.57 km²，二级保护优先区面积16045.79 km²，三级保护优先区面积16133.98 km²。这些区域主要分布在河北省和北京市的北部地区，区域内绝大部分以森林植被和灌丛植被为主。建议在未来的国家公园布局、生态环境保护工程布局中重点考虑这些地区。;The integration and coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region (BTHr) is a national strategy. The primary tasks of this strategy are to expand ecological space and environmental capacity, and strengthen the cross-regional cooperation of ecological environment protection in the BTHr. Clarifying the distribution of biodiversity in the BTHr is the premise and foundation for the implementation of ecological environmental protection projects and for the allocation of national parks. We assessed the biodiversity conservation value of nature reserves in the BTHr. The assessment used the forestry industry standard Technical Regulation for Assessing Biodiversity Conservation Value of Nature Reserves (LY/T 2649-2016) and was based on scientific investigations of nature reserves in the BTHr, In addition, we constructed a multivariate regression model in which the biodiversity conservation value of the nature reserves was the dependent variable and the comprehensive landforms of the nature reserves were the independent variables. Based on the average area of the nature reserves, we divided the BTHr into 1638 grid cells using the fishing net function of ArcGIS. The biodiversity conservation value of each grid cell was evaluated by using the multivariate regression model. The average conservation value of the national nature reserves in the BTHr was 204 points, which was 40 points higher than the average conservation value of the total 35 nature reserves. Some provincial nature reserves, such as Tanghai wetland nature reserve and Nandagang nature reserve, also had comparatively high conservation values, which exceeded the average conservation value of the national nature reserves. Biodiversity conservation priority areas were selected according to the conservation value of each grid in the BTHr. The total area of biodiversity conservation priority areas was 36791.35 km², accounting for 16.94% of the total area of the BTHr. Conservation priorities were divided into three levels:the first-level conservation priority area (4611.57 km²), second-level conservation priority area (16045.79 km²), and third-level conservation priority area (16133.98 km²). These conservation priority areas are mainly distributed in the north of Hebei Province and Beijing. Most of them are dominated by forest vegetation and shrub vegetation. We suggest that these areas should be considered in the layout of national parks and ecological and environmental protection projects.