不同生态调控情景下人工林可持续经营收益研究

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同生态调控情景下人工林可持续经营收益研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202206291848 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(71803180);国家社会科学基金项目(22BGL168);教育部人文社科青年基金项目(18YJCZH140);浙江省软科学研究计划项目(2023C35077) Research on sustainable management benefits of plantation under different ecological regulation scenarios Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在林业碳汇项目设计与作业标准基础上,将中国东北地区典型人工林生长与经营相关多源数据融合,运用系统动力学理论与方法,构建人工林生态经济系统模型,通过设计实施主伐/间伐、营造混交林、补植补造等不同生态调控情景,模拟并预测人工林可持续经营的生态-经济收益,以此掌握人工林生态调控机制,并为人工林可持续经营决策提供参考。模拟结果显示:①高初植密度能有效增汇,而低初植密度相比基准情景则减少了碳汇;②高主伐率使得木材收益大幅提升,而无主伐限制了木材收益,且从长期来看碳汇收益有限;③高密度-无主伐情景下的累计碳汇量最大,高密度-高主伐情景下的木材收益净现值和总收益净现值最大;若以可持续经营为目标,平衡生态收益和经济收益,则高密度-高主伐情景为理想选择,该情景的累计碳汇量相比高密度-无主伐情景损失有限,对应碳汇收益净现值为357.9万元,以5%贴现率计算的木材总收益和累计总收益的净现值分别为1219.35万元和1577.25万元。由此证实了以林业碳汇项目为依托,因地制宜地构建将造林、抚育、采伐、再造林更新于一体的人工林可持续经营项目,平衡发挥森林生态系统的综合功能,可纾解因无法采伐所带来的高额机会成本,在增汇的同时获得更大的木材收益。适度提高造林密度或造林面积可以增汇,但碳汇收益还取决于碳定价;此外,合理采伐也是实现人工林可持续经营的方式之一,可持续经营收益的关键在于科学的生态调控机制;应向平衡生态与经济收益的目标转变,加快林业经营理念转变与相关法律体系制定。 Abstract:Based on the design and operation standards of forestry carbon sequestration project, the multi-source data related to the growth and management of typical plantations in Northeast China are integrated, and the ecological and economic system model of plantations is constructed by using the theory and method of system dynamics. The ecological and economic benefits of sustainable management of plantations are simulated and predicted through the design and implementation of different ecological regulation scenarios such as main felling/thinning, creation of mixed forests, replanting to master the ecological regulation mechanism and provide reference for sustainable management decision of plantations. The simulation results show that: ① high initial planting density can effectively increase the carbon sequestration, while low initial planting density can reduce the carbon sequestration compared with the baseline scenario; ② High main cutting rate has greatly increased the timber benefits, while no main cutting has limited the timber benefits, and the carbon-sequestration benefits are limited in the long run; ③ The cumulative carbon sequestration of plantation is the largest under the scenario of high density and no main cutting, and the net present value of timber benefits and the net present value of total benefits of plantation are the largest under the scenario of high density and high main cutting. If we take sustainable management as the goal, balance ecological and economic benefits, and take the high density and high main cutting scenario as the optimal choice, the loss of the cumulative carbon sequestration is limited in this scenario compared with the high density and no main cutting scenario. The corresponding net present value of carbon-sequestration benefits is 3.579 million yuan, and the net present value of total timber benefits and cumulative total benefits at a discount rate of 5% are 12.1935 million yuan and 15.7725 million, respectively. It is confirmed that the sustainable management project of plantations integrating afforestation, tending, cutting, reforestation and regeneration based on the forestry carbon sequestration project can be built according to local conditions, and the comprehensive function of forest ecosystem can be balanced. It can relieve the high opportunity cost caused by the inability to cut, and obtain greater timber benefits while increasing carbon sequestration. Moderate increase of afforestation density or afforestation area can increase carbon sequestration, but the benefits of carbon sequestration also depend on carbon pricing. In addition, rational cutting is also one of the ways to achieve sustainable management of plantation; the key to sustainable management benefits lies in scientific ecological regulation mechanism. We should change to the goal of balancing ecological and economic benefits, accelerate the transformation of forestry management concept and the formulation of relevant legal system. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献