黄土高原樟子松和落叶松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤的影响

Abstract

通过采集树木枯落叶与土壤进行室内混合分解培养试验,研究了黄土高原常见的樟子松和落叶松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤性质的影响及存在的相互作用,从而为不同树木种间关系的探索和该地区人工纯林的混交改造提供科学指导。结果表明: 12种枯落叶单一分解均明显提高了土壤脲酶(54%-110%)、脱氢酶(85%-288%)和磷酸酶(81%-301%)活性以及有机质(29%-55%)和碱解N(12%-49%)含量,但对土壤速效P含量和CEC的影响存在较大差异。综合而言,樟子松分别与白桦、刺槐、白榆、柠条和落叶松枯落叶混合分解在对土壤性质的影响中存在相互促进作用,而分别与小叶杨、沙棘、紫穗槐、侧柏和辽东栎枯落叶混合分解在对土壤性质的影响中存在相互抑制作用;落叶松分别与刺槐、白桦、小叶杨和紫穗槐枯落叶混合分解在对土壤性质的影响中存在相互促进作用,而分别与柠条、侧柏、辽东栎、沙棘、油松和白榆枯落叶混合分解在对土壤性质的影响中存在相互抑制作用。;<em>Pinus sylvestris </em>var.<em> mongolica</em> and <em>Larix principis-rupprechtii </em>are fast growing tree species and are resistant to both cold and drought. Both species are commonly used for the afforesting of the Loess Plateau. As pure plantations of <em>P. sylvestris</em> var.<em> mongolica </em>and <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em> age, soil fertility declines, tree growth slows, and natural regeneration ceases. These changes affect the productivity and sustainable management of local forests. Mixed-species plantations may be an effective strategy for overcoming these problems. Knowledge about mixed-species leaf litter decomposition and its effect on soil properties is important for evaluating interspecific relationships and compatibility in mixed forests. In this laboratory study, leaf litter from <em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em> or <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em> was mixed with leaf litter from other tree species after grinding and then put into soil from an unvegetated area, incubated them to decompose for 120 days, after that to determinate the number of soil microbes, activities of soil enzymes and nutrient content of soil, to analyze the effects of leaf litter from different tree species decomposition on soil properties and the interaction (interactive promotion or inhibitory effect) between the litters decomposition. This laboratory study consisted of two parts. In the first part, leaf litter from 12 tree species (including <em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em> or <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em>) was separately mixed into unvegetated soil to decompose. The results showed that single-species leaf litter increased urease activity by 54%-110%, dehydrogenase activity by 85%-288%, phosphatase activity by 81%-301%, soil organic matter by 29%-55%, and available N by 12%-49%. Single-species leaf litter had mixed effects on available P and cation exchange capacity (CEC). In the second part of the study, leaf litter from 10 or 11 tree species was separately mixed with leaf litter from either <em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em> or <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em> and then added to the soil. Principal component analysis indicated that <em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em> leaf litter was mixed with that of <em>Betula platyphylla</em>, <em>Robinia pseudoacacia</em>, <em>Ulmus pumila</em>, <em>Caragana microphylla</em>, or <em>L. rincipis-rupprechtii </em>separately showed interactive promotion effects on soil, but <em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em> leaf litter was mixed with that of <em>Populus simonii</em>, <em>Hippophae rhamnoides</em>, <em>Amorpha fruticosa</em>,<em> Platycladus orientalis</em>, or <em>Quercus liaotungensis</em> separately showed interactive inhibitory effects. All the same, <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em> leaf litter was mixed with that of <em>R. pseudoacacia</em>, <em>B. platyphylla</em>,<em> P. simonii</em>, or <em>A. fruticosa</em> separately showed interactive promotion effects on soil, whereas <em>L. principis-rupprechtii</em> leaf litter was mixed with that of <em>C. microphylla</em>,<em> P. orientalis</em>, <em>Q. liaotungensis</em>, <em>H. rhamnoides</em>, <em>Pinus tabulaeformis</em>, or <em>U. pumila</em> separately showed interactive inhibitory effects.