森田組東口マーケットの形成と戦災復興土地区画整理事業からみる池袋駅東口の戦災復興過程

Abstract

This study takes as its subject the east gate of Ikebukuro station. Having verified the prewar organization of the city and plans for the square in front of the station, the study reveals the scope of the transport evacuation spaces, the state of war damage, the formation of postwar markets, street stand organization programs, and the reorganization of markets following war-damage-recovery land readjustment programs, and accordingly the subsequent process of new market construction. Particular attention is paid to the fact that Nezuyama, a grove of mixed trees that had not been developed since before the war, was located adjacent to Ikebukuro station. The war-damage-recovery land readjustment program for the Ikebukuro station east gate progressed most rapidly even within the city; one of the background factors here was the existence of Nezuyama. This study revealed the following four points: 1. The land upon which the Morita-gumi East Gate Market was built was revealed to have been a transport evacuation space from which buildings had been removed during the war. The Morita-gumi constructed the market, despite not having owned the land. This state of affairs was picked up on by the newspapers. This was backgrounded by the evacuation space having become either city-owned or city-managed land after having been either purchased or leased by the Tokyo Metropolitan Area from during the war until around 1947. At the time the Morita-gumi constructed the market, the city had held the rights to the land, and thus the Morita-gumi had obtained the cooperation of the city in building the market. 2. It was revealed that many new landowners appeared as Nezuyama was divided into lots for sale in the process of the war-damage-recovery land readjustment program. There was a rapid increase in landowners possessing land near the station owing to land having been widely divided and sold, not only among the merchants in the markets organized by the war-damage-recovery land readjustment program. 3. It was revealed that the above subdivision of Nezuyama for sale resulted in the construction of multiple new markets. Hikarimachi-dori and two markets created following the street stand organization programs were constructed on the replotted land that used to be Nezuyama. 4. It was revealed that two new markets were constructed following the purchase of land that was left empty as a burned-out field after the war. These markets were Sakaemachi-dori and Mikuni-koji.