宁夏暴雨洪水特点及峰量关系分析

Abstract

宁夏局地暴雨较多，具有暴雨强度大，历时短的特点。区内大多河道流域面积小，受暴雨时程分布、空间分布变化较大的影响，暴雨与其产生洪水的重现期往往不同，且同一站点产生的洪水其洪峰与洪量的重现期也不同。这一特点与设计洪水计算中暴雨所产生的洪水(洪峰与洪量)同频率的假定有较大差异。通过用代表水文站实测资料分析，本区域洪峰与洪量相关性差，并通过典型实例分析暴雨与洪水重现期的一致性，影响洪峰与洪量的主要因素为降雨时空分布、降雨强度以及其产生的洪水过程等，通过典型实例分析暴雨与洪水重现期的一致性，为掌握本区域暴雨与洪水特性以及设计洪水计算提供参考。 Local rainstorm frequently occurs in Ningxia, with the characteristics of big intensity and short duration. River basin area is mostly small in this region. Affected by great variation of rainstorm’s schedule and spatial distribution change, rainstorm and the flood produced often have different return periods, and also do the flood peak and volume of the same site. There is a large difference between this characteristic and hypothesis that flood peak and volume produced by rainstorm have the same co-occurrence frequency in the design flood estimation. By analyzing the observed data of representative hydrological stations, the regional flood peak has a poor correlation with the flood volume. The main factors affecting the flood peak and volume are the schedule and spatial distribution of rainfall, rainfall intensity, the process that the flood produces and so on. The consistency of the return period of rainstorm and flood is analyzed through typical cases, providing reference to grasp the regional rainstorm and flood characteristics and design flood estimation.