闽南渔场游泳动物优势种种群聚集特性

Abstract

基于2016年4月和10月闽南渔场渔业资源的专项调查数据，运用相对性重要指数、平均拥挤度指数、聚块指数、Cassie指标、Mrisita指数等方法分析闽南渔场游泳动物优势种组成及其种群聚集特性，比较不同的季节、类群和种类及其相互间的聚集状态，探究种群聚集驱动因子，旨在发现闽南渔场游泳动物优势种种群聚集的特征、内在规律和形成机制。结果表明，闽南渔场游泳动物优势种共17种，其中鱼类6种、虾类3种、蟹类4种、头足类4种；鱼类中六指马鲅（Polydactylus se-xfilis）聚集强度最强，头足类中火枪乌贼（Loligo beka）聚集强度最强；虾类和蟹类中春季以哈氏仿对虾（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）和拥剑梭子蟹（Portunus gladiator）的聚集强度最强，而秋季以鹰爪虾（Trachypenaeus curvirostris）和日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）的聚集强度最强；鱼类、虾类、蟹类和头足类中春季分别以二长棘犁齿鲷（Evynnis cardinali）、鹰爪虾、三疣梭子蟹（P. trituberculatus）和火枪乌贼的平均拥挤度最高，而秋季分别以带鱼（Trichiurus lepturus）、鹰爪虾、拥剑梭子蟹和杜氏枪乌贼（Loligo duvaucelii）的平均拥挤度最高；闽南渔场游泳动物优势种的平均拥挤度呈现出秋季高于春季，虾类、蟹类种群聚集强度大于鱼类、头足类的特点。;The relative importance index, mean crowding index, patchiness index, Cassie index and Mrisita index were used to analyze the composition and aggregation characteristics of the dominant species of nekton in Minnan Fishing Ground using the special investigation data of fishery resources in Minnan Fishing Ground in April and October 2016. The results showed that there were 17 dominant species of nektons in Minnan Fishing Ground, including 6 species of fish, 3 species of shrimp, 4 species of crab and 4 species of cephalopod. Polydactylus se-xfilis had the strongest aggregation intensity among fishes, and Loligo beka had the strongest aggregation intensity among cephalopods in spring and autumn. Parapenaeopsis hardwickii had the largest aggregation intensity among shrimps, and Portunus gladiator had the largest aggregation intensity among crabs in spring. Trachypenaeus curvirostris had the largest aggregation intensity among shrimps, and Charybdis japonica had the largest aggregation intensity among crabs in autumn. In spring, Evynnis cardinali, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, Portunus trituberculatus, Loligo beka had the highest mean crowding among fishes, shrimps, crabs and cephalopods, respectively. In autumn, Trichiurus lepturus, Trachypenaeus curvirostris, P. gladiator and Loligo duvaucelii had the highest mean crowding among fishes, shrimps, crabs and cephalopods, respectively. The average crowding of main dominant species of nekton in autumn was higher than that in spring, and the aggregation intensity of shrimp and crab was higher than that of fish and cephalopod in the Minnan Fishing Ground.