六种农作物叶保卫细胞形态特征对不同入侵地土荆芥挥发物胁迫的响应

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 六种农作物叶保卫细胞形态特征对不同入侵地土荆芥挥发物胁迫的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201802090349 作者: 作者单位: 四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川师范大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 四川省应用基础研究重点项目（2017JY0017）；国家自然基金项目（31370549）；四川省教育厅一般项目（16ZB0058）；四川省高校重点实验室开放项目（SCYZ201410） Morphological characteristics of leaf guard cells in six crops in response to the volatile stress of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from different invaded habitats Author: Affiliation: College of Life Science,Sichuan Normal University,College of Life Science,Sichuan Normal University Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:选择两个环境条件差异明显的土荆芥（Chenopodium ambrosioides L.）入侵地（四川成都和贵州安顺）为对象，以其入侵农田中6种农作物为受体，分析了两地土荆芥挥发油及其主要成分α-萜品烯和对伞花素对叶表皮保卫细胞活性和核结构的影响差异。结果表明：两地挥发油成分中，含量最多的成分均为α-萜品烯和对伞花素，成都植株二者的含量分别为21.07%和25.88%，安顺的分别为42.11%和24.04%；经挥发油、对伞花素、α-萜品烯、对伞花素+α-萜品烯处理后，保卫细胞活性下降，细胞核形态发生变化，除个别低剂量组（2 μL）对保卫细胞无显著毒性外，各处理组毒性效应随处理浓度增加而显著升高（P < 0.05），当剂量为10 μL时毒性效应最大，保卫细胞的最高死亡率达到93.85%，最高核畸变率达到81.16%；6种农作物保卫细胞对土荆芥挥发物的敏感程度由大到小依次为荞麦（Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.）、豌豆（Pisum sativum Linn.）、蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）、韭（Allium tuberosum Rottl.ex Spreng.）、花生（Arachis hypogaea Linn.）、白菜（Brassica campestris L.）；细胞毒性表现为安顺挥发油大于成都挥发油、α-萜品烯大于对伞花素，对伞花素+α-萜品烯混合物的细胞毒性与α-萜品烯所占比例呈正相关。上述结果表明，土荆芥挥发物破坏了保卫细胞结构。入侵地环境较差时，土荆芥增加释放细胞毒性较大的化感物质。 Abstract:Chengdu City (Sichuan Province) and Anshun City (Guizhou Province) are the regions that an invasive plant, Chenopodium ambrosioides L., invades very seriously in China. Chengdu City is located in the Sichuan Basin with a pleasant climate and superior hydrothermal conditions, but Anshun City is located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau with karst land feature, thin soil, high altitude, and frequent drought. To explore the differences in the allelopathy of C. ambrosioides in different habitats, the C. ambrosioides plants grown in Chengdu and Anshun cities were selected as research objects because of their obvious differences in environmental characteristics. The volatile oils of the C. ambrosioides plants from Chengdu and Anshun were extracted by steam distillation, and their yields were 3.173 and 4.820 g/kg, respectively. The analysis results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the C. ambrosioides volatile oils from Chengdu and Anshun contained 16 and 25 compounds, respectively, and α-terpinene and cymene were their common components. The concentrations of α-terpinene and cymene were determined based on their contents in the volatile oils from both cities. In this study, we used six receptor plant species, including Vicia faba L., Arachis hypogaea L., Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng., Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Pisum sativum L., and Brassica campestris L., which are widely grown in the farmlands invaded by C. ambrosioides. These receptor plants were separately treated with eight treatments, including the treatments with the C. ambrosioides volatile oils from both cities and with α-terpinene, cymene, and α-terpinene+cymene extracted from the volatile oils from both cities. The activities and nuclear structures of leaf stoma guard cells were examined by using the epidermal strip method. The results showed that these cells had nuclear aberrations, including nuclear deformities, nuclear pyknosis, and nuclear translocations. Moreover, the stoma guard cell activities were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) or even completely absent under the eight treatments, and these effects became more significant with an increase in treatment concentrations, and the maximum mortality and nuclear aberration rate of stoma guard cells were 93.85% and 81.16%, respectively. Among the six crop plants tested, F. esculentum had the strongest allelopathic effect, followed by P. sativum, V. faba, A. tuberosum, A. hypogaea, and finally B. campestris, according to their sensitivity to C. ambrosioides volatile oil, α-terpinene, and cymene. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the volatile oil of C. ambrosioides from Anshun was greater than that from Chengdu, and the cytotoxicity of α-terpinene was greater than that of cymene. The higher the proportion of α-terpinene in the α-terpinene+cymene solutions, the stronger the cytotoxicity they exerted. These results suggested that the allelochemicals of C. ambrosioides damaged the stoma guard cell structures of receptor plants, and when C. ambrosioides invades the habitats with relatively poor environmental conditions, it releases increased amounts of allelopathic chemicals in its surroundings for its competitive advantages. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献