秸秆及秸秆黑炭对小麦养分吸收及棕壤酶活性的影响

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 秸秆及秸秆黑炭对小麦养分吸收及棕壤酶活性的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312313071 作者: 作者单位: 山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东农业大学资源与环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: S181; S154.2 基金项目: 国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01, 2011BAD11B02); 国家"948"重点项目(2011-G30); 山东省自主创新成果转化重大专项(2012ZHZX1A0408) Effects of straw and straw biochar on wheat nutrient uptake and enzyme activity in brown soil Author: Affiliation: College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过小麦盆栽试验,研究了玉米秸秆及其秸秆黑炭施加对小麦养分吸收利用和棕壤酶活性的影响。试验设对照(CK),黑炭(B),秸秆还田(S),尿素(U),尿素+黑炭(UB)及尿素+秸秆还田(US)6个处理,各处理3次重复。结果表明:无氮肥施入下,B处理较CK和S处理籽粒产量显著提高99.4%和77.7%,小麦地上部氮、磷、钾吸收累积量分别显著提高94.1%-140.9%,55.4%-66.3%和53.1%-72.6%;有氮肥施入下,UB和US处理较U处理提高籽粒产量8.2%-8.8%,小麦地上部氮、磷、钾吸收累积量分别显著提高14.3%-27.8%,19.6%-30.9%和24.4%-40.9%。秸秆及秸秆黑炭施加处理的氮素利用率显著提高21.4%-41.7%。黑炭施加显著提高土壤中有机碳、NH4+-N、NO3--N和速效钾含量;在施氮条件下,秸秆还田显著提高土壤中NO3--N含量;秸秆及黑炭施加对有效磷含量无显著影响。秸秆还田显著提高了土壤脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶和中性磷酸酶活性;施加黑炭也明显提高了土壤脱氢酶和脲酶活性,但抑制过氧化氢酶和中性磷酸酶活性。土壤脲酶活性与土壤有机碳、无机氮含量呈显著正相关,表明土壤酶可反映土壤肥力水平。 Abstract:Biochar made from crops straw is widely used as a great soil ameliorant that improves soil properties, protects soil environment, and enhances wheat growth. In this study, a potted wheat experiment was conducted to study the effects of corn straw and corn straw biochar on wheat nutrient uptake and utilization, yield, and enzyme activities in brown soil. Six treatments were set up with three replications as follows: control (CK), biochar (B), straw (S), urea (U), Urea+biochar (UB), and Urea+straw (US). In this study, the biochar was made from corn straw at 500 ℃ under anaerobic conditions. The results demonstrated that compared with the treatments of CK and S, the yield of B treatment was significantly increased by 99.4% and 77.7%, and the amount of accumulated N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the wheat aboveground biomass significantly increased by 94.1%-140.9%, 55.4%-66.3%, and 53.1%-72.6%, respectively. However, application of N fertilizer significantly increased the yield of UB and US treatments by 8.2%-8.8% and the amount of accumulated N, P, and K in wheat aboveground biomass increased by 14.3%-27.8%, 19.6%-30.9%, and 24.4%-40.9%, respectively, compared with the treatment of U. The efficiency of N use in treatments of UB and US increased by 21.4%-41.7% compared with the treatment of U; however, the enhancement of N use efficiency was higher in US than in UB. Biochar application significantly increased the content of organic carbon (C), NH4+-N, NO3--N, and available K in soil. Only does soil NO3--N content have significantly increased in straw incorporation. In the mature stage of wheat, the organic C content in the soil under the treatments of B and UB increased by 34.9%-54.2% in comparison with other treatments without biochar application. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in soil organic C content under the treatment with straw. In this stage, NH4+-N content in soil of UB treatment was also increased by 10.9%-23.5%, which was higher than in other treatments. From heading stage to maize stage, compared with the treatments of US and U, NO3--N content of UB treatment increased by 30.9%-85.3% and 67.5%-126.7%, respectively. From seedling stage to mature stage, the available K content in soil of UB treatment increased by 23.3%-86.0% in comparison with US treatment. Nevertheless, there was no pronounced effect of biochar and straw on the available P content in soil. Moreover, straw incorporation significantly improved soil dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and neutral phosphatase activities. Biochar application significantly enhanced soil dehydrogenase and urease activities, but it inhibited soil catalase and neutral phosphatase activities. The positive correlation between soil urease and organic C and inorganic N indicated that soil enzymes reflected the soil fertility level. In conclusion, a long term in-situ study is of great importance to investigate the long-term effects of straw incorporation and biochar on soil properties and yield of crops. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献