张广才岭温带次生针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 张广才岭温带次生针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201603050389 作者: 作者单位: 北华大学,北华大学,北京林业大学,北华大学,西南林业大学,北华大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家"十二五"科技支撑项目（2012BAC01B03）；林业公益性科研行业专项"典型森林生态系统样带监测"（200904022） The composition and community structure of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest species in the Zhangguangcai Mountains, China Author: Affiliation: Beihua University,Beihua University,Beijing Forestry University,Beihua University,Southwest Forestry University,Beihua University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了研究温带次生针阔混交林的树种组成和群落结构特征，于2010年在吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局建立了面积为21.84 hm2（420 m×520 m）的固定样地。从物种组成、种-面积曲线、植物区系特征、径级分布结构和空间分布格局等方面分析了该地区针阔混交林物种组成和群落结构特征。研究结果表明该样地共有DBH≥1.0 cm的木本植物活立木个体25，908株，隶属于18科27属45种，植株密度为1186株/hm2。植物区系以北温带分布属为主体，共有37属，占总数的82.22%，属长白山植物区系。样地内稀有种18种，偶见种14种。通过对该样地物种多样性计算得出，该样地Margalef多样性指数R、 Shannon-Wienner指数H'、Simpson多样性指数D和物种均匀度Pielou指数Jsw分别为4.31、2.48、0.89和0.65。样地中所有个体的径级分布（以2cm等级排列） 呈偏倒"J"形， 整体更新良好，表现出群落稳定与生长状况良好的趋势。群落中重要值 > 3的9个物种的径级结构表现出一定的差异：胡桃楸、水曲柳呈近似正态分布，表现为中径木个体数量多，而小径木和大径木个体数量少的特点；春榆、大果榆、色木槭、白牛槭、裂叶榆等物种呈倒"J"型或偏倒"J"型，更新良好；而红松由于受到了严重的人为干扰，天然更新不良，径级结构呈现不规律型。通过g（r）双变量函数分析9个优势树种空间分布格局可知，9个优势树种均表现出聚集分布，聚集强度随着尺度的增大而降低。在r<20 m的小尺度上物种聚集强度随尺度增大急剧降低，当尺度超过20 m后聚集强度趋于稳定。 Abstract:Community composition and structure are the foundation of ecological system function and process research. Through a comprehensive understanding of community composition and structure, important information was obtained for further study of species diversity, species coexistence laws, and formation mechanisms. To study species composition and community structure of a coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, a 21.84 hm2 (420 m × 520 m) permanent forest plot was established at the Jiaohe Forestry Experimental in Jilin Province in July 2010. We measured parameters for each woody plant with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 1.0 cm. These parameters included the number of individuals and species, DBH, tree height, height under the first living branch, crown width, tree growth condition, and others. Structure characteristics of the community in this plot were analyzed based on the species composition, species-area relationships, floristic features, diameter class distribution structure, and spatial distribution patterns. A total of 25,908 living individuals were documented, belonging to 45 species, 27 genera, and 18 families, with a stem density of 1,186 individual/hm2. At the genus level, the North Temperate distribution type was the main vegetation type, which has 37 genera, accounting for 82.22% of all genera. There were 18 and 14 species of rare (≤ 1 individual/hm2) and accidental species (1-10 individual/hm2), respectively, in the plot. The Margalef diversity index R, Shannon-Wiener index H', Simpson diversity index D, and Pielou evenness index Jsw were 4.31, 2.48, 0.89, and 0.65, according to the equations (2)-(5), respectively. The diameter class distribution of all individuals (2cm class) followed a partial reverse "J" shape, which indicated that the natural regeneration understory was good and the forest community exhibited a steady growth trend in this plot. The diameter class distribution of nine species with importance values >3 exhibited some differences: J. mandshurica and F. mandschurica had an approximate normal distribution; U. davidiana var. japonica, U. macrocarpa, A. mono, A. mandshuricum, and U. laciniata exhibited an inverted "J" shape or partial inverted "J" shape, which suggested regeneration was good; P. koraiensis exhibited an irregular pattern because of severe human disturbance and poor natural regeneration. The Paired-correlation g(r) function results indicated that the nine primary tree species had aggregated distributions, and the aggregation intensity decreased with increasing distance. The aggregation intensity decreased dramatically when distance (r) was <20 m, but the trend became steady when distance was > 20 m. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献