滇金丝猴分布区森林面积变化的时空特征及其影响因素

Abstract

森林生态系统是滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)的主要生境, 森林面积变化会直接影响滇金丝猴的生存。本研究基于全球森林变化(Global Forest Change)数据, 采用Theil-Sen趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验、热点分析与地理探测器模型等方法, 探讨了滇金丝猴分布区2001—2019年森林面积变化的时空特征及其影响因素。结果表明：(1)近20年间, 滇金丝猴分布区森林面积变化总量为3.81×10⁴ hm², 约占研究区森林面积的2.44%, 逐年森林面积变化呈现较大的年际波动, 其中5个保护地森林面积变化总量达5456 hm², 约占研究区森林面积变化总量的14.3%, 老君山风景区和云岭保护区森林面积变化的比例较高；(2)滇金丝猴分布区森林面积变化趋于缓和, 其中森林面积减少呈现显著增加的区域面积为1.03×10⁵ hm², 占整个研究区面积的2.9%；森林面积减少呈现显著减少的区域面积为3.05×10⁵ hm², 占整个研究区面积的7.9%；同时森林面积变化的热点区域面积呈不断下降的趋势；(3)滇金丝猴分布区森林面积变化呈现向低海拔、高坡度转移的趋势；(4)过火面积和人口密度是滇金丝猴分布区森林面积变化的主要影响因素, 其次是降水、海拔、气温。本研究对滇金丝猴分布区森林生态系统管理与滇金丝猴保护具有现实意义。;Forest ecosystem is main habitat of Yunnan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus bieti) (YSM). The change of forest area is considered to be a direct impact to YSM existence. Based on Global Forest Change data, using Theil-Sen trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, hotspot analysis and geographical detector model, this research discussed the spatio-temporal characteristics and determinants of forest area change in the distribution area of YSM from 2001 to 2019. The results showed that: (1) During the past 20 years, the total forest area change in the distribution area of YSM was 3.81×10⁴ hm², about 2.44% of the total forest area in the study area, annual forest area change showed a large inter-annual fluctuation, in which 5456 hm² forest area change in 5 protected areas, accounting for 14.3% of the total forest area change in the study area. Forest area change ratio was relatively higher in Laojunshan scenic spot and Yunling nature reserve. (2) Forest area change trended to mitigate in the distribution area of YSM. The significantly increasing area of forest loss was 1.03×10⁵ hm², accounting for 2.9% of the whole study area. The significantly decreasing area of forest loss was 3.05×10⁵ hm², accounting for 7.9% of the whole study area. At the same time, the hotspot areas of forest area change showed a decreasing trend. (3) Forest area change showed a trend of shifting to low altitude and high slope area in the distribution area of YSM. (4) The burned area and population density were main impact factors of forest area change in the distribution area of YSM, followed by precipitation, altitude and temperature. This study has practical significance for forest ecosystem management and YSM conservation.