Abstract
A new constant volume type direct shear test method is described. In this method, the volume of a powder bed is kept constant by adjusting a normal load, and the P. Y. L., containing Y. L. and C. Y. L., can be directly obtained from the observed shearing curve. Then, a shear tester, which has a normal load adjusting device and the on-line data processing system, has been developed. By operating this tester and observing the shear behavior in the powder bed, the suitable sizes of the shear cell and the suitable experimental conditions are determined. When using this cell, it can be proved that the Y. L. and the C. Y. L. connect smoothly on a critical state line. These results show that the P. Y. L. can be exactly obtained from only a Y. L. test and a C. Y. L. test.It was shown that this method is available for measuring the P. Y. L.
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