Abstract
As is the case with protein, structure is also important for biological functions of RNA, and many RNA struc-tures were already determined by NMR techniques. However, it is difficult to determine the structures of larger RNAs containing bulge and/or internal loop by NMR method that relies on short-range distance and torsion angle restraints. Recently, long-range angular restraints derived from residual dipolar coupling (RDC) were used to im-prove the global precision of the structure. In the present study, we applied the two steps refinement method, which was introduced by Leeper and Varani, to determine the solution structure of a model RNA that contains a bulge.It was found that the average of RDC r. m. s. d. values for structures obtained by the two steps refinement was 1.71 Hz whereas that by the conventional single refinement was 2.14 Hz. Thus, this technique is useful for the structure determination of RNAs using the RDC restraints.
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