Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the weighted averaging method experimentally. A plane lapping of an annealed bearing steel SUJ-2 generated a steep gradient of residual stress within its shallow surface layer. X-ray strain measurements on the lapped and successive electropolished surfaces revealed that the strain εψ was not linearly dependent on sin2ψ, but curved parabolically on sin2ψ diagram independent of the measured directions. It was also found that the stresses calculated from the peak positions or medians of half width of diffraction profiles began to deviate clearly from those calculated from the centroid positions when the stress gradient was larger than 2-3kg/mm2/μm.The weighted averaging method gave a residual stress pattern continuously distributing from the surface to depth when the principal stress σ3 was considered to exist in the direction normal to the surface within the X-ray penetrating depth. The experimental plots on sin2ψ diagram showed that the strain free direction ψ* deviated from sin2ψ=2ν/(1+ν) appropriate for the state of plane stress, depending on the sign and magnitude of σ3. This means that the tri-axial stress analysis must be considered when the mechanically deformed surfaces such as lapped, polished, cut and ground are treated.
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