镉胁迫对姬松茸生长和镉吸收累积的影响

Abstract

利用外源镉添加的袋栽试验，系统研究了镉对姬松茸J37和J1两菌株农艺性状、子实体产量、氨基酸和镉含量的影响，以求为低富集镉的姬松茸品种选育和安全栽培提供科学依据。结果表明外源镉添加对姬松茸J37和J1品种子实体的农艺性状的影响各异，两菌株单个子实体重量、子实体高度、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度和菌柄直径等均与外源镉浓度具有显著的负相关性，其中子实体重量与外源镉浓度间的相关性最大；15 mg/kg镉水平是两菌株农艺性状发生显著变化的敏感点。不同镉水平下J37菌株单个子实体重量比J1菌株高10.9%-36.6%，表现为较强镉耐受性。姬松茸J37与J1菌株子实体产量、氨基酸和镉含量均随着潮次的增加而降低，子实体产量和氨基酸含量随着外源镉水平增加而降低，而镉含量随外源镉水平增加而增加。与外源镉0mg/kg处理相比，当外源镉水平达15 mg/kg时，J1和J37子实体总产量分别下降23.4%和13.4%以上，J1和J37子实体镉含量分别提高51.5%、13.7%以上，且J1子实体镉含量已达到食品卫生标准的临界值。当外源镉水平达到35 mg/kg时，J1和J37子实体产量分别下降45%、32%以上，J1和J37子实体镉含量分别提高75%和68%以上；在0、15、35mg/kg镉水平下，J37菌株四潮子实体氨基酸含量平均比J1菌株提高了20.1%、16.6%和16.1%，且两菌株间的差异均达到显著性水平（P<0.05）。随着姬松茸收获潮次的增加，J1和J37菌株子实体氨基酸含量总体呈逐渐降低的趋势，但潮次间的差异不显著。试验结果显示，姬松茸品种J37比J1相对耐受镉胁迫，但培养料中镉含量应控制在15 mg/kg以下，才有助于保障子实体产品符合食品卫生标准。;A bag cultivation experiment with exogenous cadmium was used to compare the differences in agronomic traits, yield, amino acid and cadmium content of Agaricus blazei strains J37 and J1, which could provide scientific basis for selection and cultivation of Agaricus blazei with low cadmium enrichment. The results showed that the addition of exogenous cadmium had different effects on the body agronomic characteristics of Agaricus blazei strains J37 and J1. The weight, height, cap diameter, cap thickness and stem diameter of individual body for J1 and J 37 had a significantly negative correlation with exogenous cadmium concentration. The correlation between body weight and exogenous cadmium concentration was the largest. The 15 mg/kg cadmium level was the sensitive point for the significant changes in the agronomic characteristics of them. The individual body weight of J37 was 10.9%-36.6% higher than that of J1 under different cadmium levels, which indicated that J37 had strong cadmium tolerance. The yield, amino acid and cadmium content of the bodies of J37 and J1 strains decreased with the increase of cultivation numbers. The yield and amino acid content of them decreased with the increase of exogenous cadmium level, but the cadmium content increased with the increase of exogenous cadmium level. When the exogenous cadmium level was higher than 15 mg/kg, the yield of J1 and J37 decreased by 23.4% and 13.4% than that of no cadmium treatment, respectively. The cadmium content of them increased by 51.5% and 13.7%, respectively, which of J1 was close to food hygiene standards. When the level of exogenous cadmium reached 35 mg/kg, the yield of J1 and J37 decreased by 45% and 32%, and the cadmium content of them increased by 75% and 68%, respectively. The amino acid content in the fruit bodies of J37 with cadmium treatments (0, 15 and 35 mg/kg) increased by 20.1%, 16.6%, and 16.1% than that of J1, respectively, and the difference between them reached a significant level (P<0.05). With the increase of harvest tides, the amino acids contents of J1 and J37 gradually decreased, but the difference between the tides was not significant. The results showed that J37 was relatively resistant to cadmium stress than J1, but the cadmium content in the culture material should be controlled below 15 mg/kg, which could help to ensure that the fruit body products meet the food hygiene standards.