刺参池塘底质微生物群落功能多样性的季节变化

Abstract

利用BIOLOG技术和冗余分析（Redundancy analysis， RDA）方法对刺参（<em>Apostichopus japonicus</em>）养殖池塘底质环境（底泥、附着基）微生物群落功能多样性的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）刺参池塘底泥和附着基微生物对碳源总量和单类碳源的利用均具有显著的季节变化，总体表现为春、夏、秋季节高于冬季，其中，底泥微生物利用比例较高的碳源类型为聚合物、糖类、羧酸和氨基酸，附着基微生物利用比例较高的碳源类型为聚合物、糖类、氨基酸和胺。（2）主成分分析表明，刺参池塘底泥和附着基微生物碳代谢方式均具有显著的季节变化。底泥中，与主成分显著相关的碳源有18种，其中与主成分1显著相关的主要是糖类、羧酸和氨基酸，与主成分2显著相关的主要是聚合物和糖类；附着基中，与主成分显著相关的碳源有22种，其中与主成分1显著相关的主要是聚合物、糖类、羧酸和氨基酸，与主成分2显著相关的是羧酸。（3）刺参池塘底泥和附着基微生物多样性指数Shannon、McIntosh、Simpson和S-E均匀度均存在显著的季节变化，但不同指数之间的变化有较大差异。（4）RDA分析表明，TP、NO₃-N和PO₄-P是影响底泥微生物功能多样性季节变化的主要因素，SOM、NO₃-N和TN是影响附着基微生物功能多样性季节变化的主要因素。结论认为，刺参池塘底泥和附着基微生物功能多样性具有显著的不同的季节变化，这些变化与环境因子具有很好的相关性。;The functional diversity of microbial communities in sediment and shelter of sea cucumber (<em>Apostichopus japonicus</em>) cultural ponds was examined in this paper. The BIOLOG method and redundancy analysis (RDA) were used to evaluate seasonal changes and their relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that both total amount and types of carbon sources utilized by sediment and shelter microbes in sea cucumber cultural ponds varied seasonally, and was higher in spring, summer and autumn as compared with those of winter. The main types of carbon sources utilized were polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids by sediment microbes, and polymers, carbohydrates, amino acids and amides by shelter microbes, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that carbon metabolism functional diversity of sediment and shelter microbial communities in sea cucumber cultural ponds varied significantly over the seasonal courses. For sediment microbes, 18 categories of carbon sources were significantly related to the principal components, of which some related to principal component 1 were carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids, and others related to principal component 2 were polymers and carbohydrates. For shelter microbes, 22 categories of carbon sources were significantly related to the principal components, of which some related to principal component 1were polymers, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids and amino acids, and others related to principal component 2 were carboxylic acids. Significant seasonal changes were detected for all microbial diversity indexes including Shannon, McIntosh, Simpson and S-E in sediment and shelter of sea cucumber cultural ponds, but differences were also observed in seasonal variations between microbial diversity indexes. RDA analysis revealed that TP, NO₃-N and PO₄-P were the critical factors influencing seasonal changes in sediment microbial community functional diversity, while SOM, NO₃-N and TN were the critical factors influencing seasonal changes in shelter microbial community functional diversity. In conclusion, seasonal changes in microbial community functional diversity were marked and different in sediment and shelter of sea cucumber cultural ponds, and this correlated well with environmental factors.