我国农业环境损害鉴定评估标准体系研究

Abstract

标准化是解决环境损害"鉴定难"问题的关键措施，更是环境损害鉴定评估走向独立化的重要标志。农业环境损害鉴定评估作为起步最早、需求量最大、成长较快的分支，已经具备标准体系的雏形。通过国内外标准比较与需求分析，提出了标准化建设的原则和定位，构建了标准体系框架。研究认为，我国农业环境损害鉴定评估标准体系应：（1）以损害受体和技术流程为纵向横向坐标；（2）围绕损害确认、因果关系判定以及损失评估，以规范农产品、农业环境要素以及生态系统的损害识别、症状诊断、损害溯源、监测检测方法、损失量化等技术要求为主要内容；（3）是一个由基础标准、技术导则、技术规范、技术指南组成的有机整体。;Standardization is the key measure to solve the difficult identification for environmental damage, and an important sign that environmental damage identification and assessment is becoming independent. The assessment of agricultural environmental damage, which is the earliest start, the largest demand and faster growth branch of standard system, has stepped into the rudiment stage. This paper puts forward the principles and positions of standardization construction, and constructs a standard system framework based on the comparison of national and international standards and demand analysis. We propose that the standard system of agricultural environmental damage appraisal in China should:(1) Taking the damage receptors as the ordinate and the technical processes as the abscissa; (2) Centering on the damage identification, causality determination and loss assessment, the main content should involve the following technical requirements, i.e., the damage identification, symptom diagnosis, damage traceability, monitoring and detection methods, loss quantification of ecosystem, and the norms of agricultural products and agricultural environmental elements; (3) Being a system composed of basic standards, technical guidelines, technical specifications, and technical manuals.