近几十年来中国北方极端气候变化对比研究

Abstract

极端气候事件是一个包括诸多气象灾害事件的复杂系统，已成为当今国际社会普遍关注的热点问题。通过搜集近50年来中国东北、华北及西北地区的极端高温、极端低温事件的记录，利用Photoshop软件进行数据整理分析发现：华北地区极端最高气温上升速率较大，东北地区极端最低气温的上升速率最大，其次是华北地区；东北地区降水量减少，极端降水事件增多、增强，旱涝灾害频发；华北地区极端降水量明显减少，极端降水事件发生频次减少、强度减弱，有干旱的趋势；西北地区极端降水事件增多、增强，大多数地区干旱事件增多。这些表明由于全球气候变暖的加快，中国大部分地区极端高温事件增多、增强，极端低温事件减少、减弱，极端降水事件频发。 Extreme climate events are a complex system including many meteorological disasters, which become the hot issue to the international community today. Based on records of extreme high temperature and extreme low temperature events in northeast China, North China and northwest China, we concluded that the highest rising rate of extreme maximum temperature events occurred in North China, while the rising rate of extreme minimum temperature is higher in northeast China than in North China. Besides, when precipitation in northeast China and North China reduced, the extreme precipitation events were strengthened with high frequency of droughts and floods. In northwest China, the extreme precipitation and drought events increased in most regions. All these phenomena indicate that the global climate warming results in the increasing frequency of extreme high temperature events and extreme precipitation events, but declining frequency of extreme low temperature events in most regions in China.