Abstract
In much of contemporary political theory, the boundaries of democracy have been assumed to coincide with citizenship within a democratic nation-state. The purpose of this article is to examine critically the normative grounds for democratic rights. If the traditional link between citizenship and democratic rights cannot be taken for granted, what are the normative grounds for granting democratic rights to some and not to others? One influential argument is the ‘all affected principle’, which stipulates that all those who are affected by political policies should be entitled to participate. However, grounding the right to participation on affectedness faces serious challenges, in particular, that of justifying one's democratic control over others. In this article, I consider whether a reciprocal relationship of social cooperation provides a stronger basis for grounding democratic rights than the all affected principle.
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