Abstract
本文研究中国大陆1999~2011年除西藏外各省份的工业用水效率并提出改善意见。文章应用方向距离函数(DDF)建立四个模型——效率模型、新鲜水模型、废水模型和替代模型，用以计算各地工业用水的无效率分数，衡量效率水平及提升潜力，说明新鲜水可节约程度、废水可减排程度和新鲜水能被循环用水替代的程度。研究表明，拥有丰富矿产资源的贫水省份或水资源丰富的省份工业用水效率低下，而北京、上海这类经济发达但缺水严重的省份工业用水效率较高。 This paper aims to study the water use efficiency in the industrial sector with respect for regional characteristics in China. Based on the principle of directional distance function, four different mod-els (efficiency model, fresh water model, waste water model and substitution model) are presented to analyze the efficiency level of industrial water use in each province of China (mainland except Ti-bet), to measure the potential reduction on fresh water use and waste water discharge, and to show how much fresh water can be substituted with recycled water. The results are obtained considering the provincial characteristics such as water endowments, mineral resources and industrial struc-tures. Provinces which have abundant mineral resources or sufficient water resources generally utilize water inefficiently in the industrial sector, and can increase recycled water use efficiency greatly. Developed provinces such as Beijing and Shanghai have high water use efficiency in the in-dustrial sector. In light of these results, policy implications are provided for China’s government.
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