北疆盐碱地植物群落空间分布及物种多样性

Abstract

为探究盐碱地植物群落空间分布特征及群落间物种多样性的关系，根据对北疆盐碱地植物群落84个样点调查的数据，以各物种多度为指标，采用双向指示种分析方法（TWINSPAN）、除趋势对应分析法（DCA）、典范对应分析法（CCA）进行数量分类并分析群落分布与环境因子间关系和群落物种多样性及相似性变化特征。结果表明，TWINSPAN数量等级分类将84个样点的植物划分为11种类型。各群丛类型的物种多样性特征表现为群丛Ⅲ的多样性最大，群丛X多样性最小，且群丛Ⅲ多样性显著高于群丛X （P<0.05），群丛VⅡ均匀度最大，群丛X均匀度最小，且群丛Ⅲ均匀度显著高于群丛X（P<0.05），群丛I的丰富度最大，群丛X丰富度最小，且群丛I丰富度显著高于群丛X（P<0.05），在所有群丛中群丛Ⅲ所含有的植物种类最多，有26种；相似性特征为群丛V和群丛VⅡ的相似性最大，群丛V和群丛VⅡ物种间的竞争较小，群丛稳定性高；CCA排序结果表明，北疆盐碱地植物群落分布与海拔高度、多年平均温度、土壤酸碱度等因素有关，其中影响最大的是海拔高度，其次为多年平均温度、降水量、蒸发量和土壤电导率，地形因子坡度对各群丛分布影响不大；北疆盐碱地植物群落数量分类及物种多样性变化的分析对于揭示北疆盐碱地植物群落空间分布特征和新疆盐碱地植物种质资源调查及其保护具有重要的意义。;In order to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in saline-alkali soils and the species diversity between communities, based on the data from 84 sample surveys of saline plant communities in saline-alkali land in northern Xinjiang, using the abundance of each species as an indicator, a two-way indicator species analysis method (TWINSPAN). In addition to trend correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the quantitative classification and analysis of the relationship between community distribution and environmental factors, community species diversity and similarity change characteristics. The results showed that TWINSPAN quantitative classification can divide 84 plants into 11 types. The species diversity characteristics of each cluster type showed that cluster Ⅲ had the largest diversity, cluster X had the smallest diversity, and cluster Ⅲ had a significantly higher diversity than cluster X (P<0.05), cluster VⅡ had the highest uniformity, and the uniformity of cluster X was the smallest, and the uniformity of cluster Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of cluster cluster X (P<0.05), the richness of cluster cluster I was the largest, the richness of cluster cluster X was the smallest, and the richness of cluster cluster I was significantly higher than that of cluster cluster X (P<0.05), among all clusters, cluster Ⅲ contains the most species of halophytes, with 26 species; the similarity feature was that cluster V and cluster VⅡ are the most similar, and the competition between cluster V and cluster VⅡ species was relatively high small, high cluster stability. The CCA ranking results showed that the distribution of halophyte clusters in saline-alkali land in northern Xinjiang was related to altitude, average temperature, soil pH, etc. Among them, the highest impact was altitude, followed by average temperature, precipitation, evaporation, soil conductivity, and terrain factor slope has little effect on the distribution of each group. The analysis of the number classification and species diversity changes of saline-alkali soil plant communities in northern Xinjiang reveals the spatial distribution characteristics of plant communities in saline-alkali soil in northern Xinjiang: It was of great significance for the investigation and protection of plant germplasm resources in the saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang.