室蘭における鉄鋼業地域社会の内部構造とその発達過程

Abstract

This study attempts to identify internal formation processes of the Muroran steel industrial community by complex steel mills in Hokkaido, the first iron-works of private enterprise in Japan.It then constracts an internal formation process of single manufacturing communities by comparing Muroran with the Kamaishi iron mining-manufacturing region in Iwate Prefecture, the Ube coal mining-manufacturing region in Yamaguchi Prefecture, and the Hitachi copper mining-electrical manufacturing region in Ibaraki Prefecture.The results of the study are summarized as follows.1) Internal formation processes of the Muroran steel industrial community has lead to the following results.1. Muroran started its business as a modern steel industry. Manufacturing community of the Nippon Steel Works consists of a company community and the surrounding affiliated community. A company community of the Nippon Steel Works formed a unipolar concentric zonal structure, in which a productive, a commercial service, and a residential functions were located around the office. The Muroran ironworks formed manufacturing community of a unipolar zonal structure. A unipolar concentric zonal structure corresponds with the cases of Kamaishi, Ube and Hitachi.2. Muroran formed manufacturing city of multipolar zonal structure with two company communities.3. When the system of making steel from are in the same plant was introduced, the Muroran iron works community grew into twice the size while maintaining a unipolar concentric zonal structure. It is termed an expanded unipolar concentric zonal structure. Muroran formed manufacturing city of a multi-expanded polar concentric zonal structure with two company communities.4. A expanded polar concentric zonal structure of the Muroran iron works grew and included a unipolar concentric zonal structure of the Nippon Steel Works. It is formed a core concentric zonal structure. By the enlargement of a productive functions, commercial service and residential districts was spread into the surrounding community. As a result, Muroran formed large manufacturing city of a core concentric zonal structure.5. The steel industry declined. But residential districts was expand into the surrounding community, because both employees and retired peoples established their own houses on the outskirts, resulting in the expansion of urbanized area. The affiliated community on the central lowland grew into the Central Business District. Muroran formed city.6. The above analyses lead to an internal structure model of the Muroran single miningmanufacturing community as proposed in Fig. 5.2) The comparison of Muroran with the Kamaishi, Ube and Hitachi has lead to the following results.1. Whereas Ube and Hitachi have developed from a unipolar to a multipolar and to a core concentric zonal structure, steel industry communities experienced different stages. Kmaishi, restricted by topographical features, stays in a unipolar concentric zonal structure, Whereas Muroran with a enough space developed from a unipolar to a core concentric zonal structure.2. A expanded polar concentric zonal structure was caused by the establishment of the system to produce steel from ore in the same plant. This structure shares an essentially same character with a unipolar concentric zonal structure. Therefore, general internal formation process of single manufacturing communities developed basically from a unipolar concentric zonal structure, to a multipolar and to a core concentric zonal structure.3. The internal formation process model of a single manufacturing community by complex steel mills is proposed in Fig. 6.4. An internal formation process of a single manufacturing community by a steel industry is summarized into Fig. 7-A, while the model of complex steel mills is proposed in Fig. 7-B.