哈尼梯田湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系构建

Abstract

为了获得梯田湿地生态系统健康评价的指标体系，以云南红河哈尼梯田湿地为例，基于对该湿地维持机制的分析，构建了包括生态特征、功能整合、社会与政治3个方面共20个指标的健康评价指标体系以及各个指标的健康阈值分级表。同时，利用AHP层次分析法确定了各指标的权重，运用综合评价法对梯田湿地生态系统的健康状态进行评价。本研究构建的评价指标体系解决了哈尼梯田湿地生态系统缺乏健康评价指标体系和支持理论的问题，为评价该类型湿地生态系统的健康状态提供指导方法，能够依据其评价结果为后续湿地健康质量的提升及湿地的可持续利用发展提出改进策略。;Wetland plays an extremely important role in maintaining biodiversity, improving water quality, regulating microclimate, and protecting water and soil. With the unreasonable human activities, the ecological problems of wetland are becoming more and more serious, so the evaluation and diagnosis of wetland ecosystem health is extremely urgent. Hani terrace wetland is a special artificial paddy field wetland in southwest mountain area. It has not only important wetland ecological function value, but also agricultural production and national cultural value. At present, the research on Hani terrace wetland ecosystem mainly involves economic culture, ecological security and landscape tourism, while the research on ecosystem health evaluation is few. By analyzing the maintenance mechanism of the ecological balance of Hani terrace wetland and establishing a scientific health evaluation system to evaluate the health of the wetland, we can better understand the health status of the wetland, provide scientific support for the planning and utilization of the wetland and promote the sustainable development of the wetland. The unique vertical spatial structure of forest-village-terrace-river in the Hani terrace wetland is the maintenance mechanism of healthy balance of wetland ecosystem. Each part is independent and indivisible, with integrity. At this time, Hani terrace wetland ecosystem is not only the ecological subsystem of terrace wetland, but also the health evaluation of the whole forest-village-terrace river system. Based on the analysis of the maintenance mechanism, this paper constructed a health evaluation index system of 20 indicators including ecological characteristics, functional integration, social and political aspects and a health threshold grading table of each indicator. Meanwhile, AHP analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index, and comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the health status of Hani terrace wetland ecosystem later. The evaluation index system constructed in this study solves the problem of the lack of health evaluation index system and provides a guiding method for the evaluation of the health status of this type of wetland ecosystem. According to the evaluation results, improvement strategies can be proposed for the subsequent improvement of wetland health quality and sustainable utilization development of wetlands.