類推的問題解決における目標の役割

Abstract

Two experiments investigated the role of goal-related properties in analogical problem-solving. In Experiment 1, 48 undergraduates first read a story and then attempted to solve a transfer problem. Both the story and the problem were analogous to Duncker's (1945) radiation problem. The analogical transfer was facilitated when the base domain shared a common goal with the target domain. In Experiment 2,231 undergraduates first read one or two stories which were analogous to the radiation problem and then attempted to solve it. The previous studies demonstrated that transfer was facilitated when two analogs were provided prior to solving a target problem. It is generally presumed that the effectiveness of two analogs is due to schema-induction. This experiment demonstrated that transfer could not be facilitated by two analogs unless the goal was shared by two analogs and a target problem. Namely, the results indicate that (1) when two analogs do not share a common goal, a schema can not be induced, and (2) when a schema does not share a common goal with a target problem, transfer can not be facilitated. These experiments suggest that goal -related properties play an important role in analogical problem-solving.