城市内涝调节服务供需关键区识别与优先级划分

Abstract

在全球气候变化和城市化背景下, 城市内涝灾害频发, 严重危及城市居民的人身安全、财产安全及公共安全。如何精准施策, 针对关键区域进行城市内涝调节治理已成为社会各界关注并亟需解决的重要问题。基于生态系统服务供需视角, 以径流调节率表征城市内涝调节的供给水平, 以胁迫性、暴露性和脆弱性指标表征城市内涝调节的需求水平, 构建了完整的技术路线和指标体系, 从而识别城市内涝调节供需失衡的关键区, 并确定规划干预的优先级。基于此, 以岛屿型城市厦门岛为例, 使用遥感数据和人口、社会、经济数据, 运用ArcMap10.8、ENVI5.3和GeoDA平台, 模拟评估了城市街区尺度下城市内涝调节服务的供需水平及空间分布特征。通过供需匹配将研究单元划分为：高供-高需, 低供-高需, 低供-低需和高供-低需4种类型, 并识别出114个供需严重失衡的关键区, 该类关键区面临城市内涝调节服务供给短缺的严峻挑战, 是未来城市规划过程中需要重点优化的对象。在此基础上, 使用优先级指数将关键区划分为5个规划干预优先级, 明确了城市内涝治理的优先次序。研究结果为开展具有针对性的城市内涝调节治理实践提供了新的科学依据, 同时在解决城市内涝灾害问题, 推进以人为核心的新型城镇化方面具有重要理论与现实意义。;In the context of global climate change and urbanization, urban waterlogging disasters occur frequently, which seriously endangers the personal safety, property safety and public safety of urban residents. How to prevent and control urban waterlogging in key areas has become an important issue that all sectors of society are concerned about and urgently need to be resolved. In this study, based on the perspective of the supply and demand of ecosystem service, we used runoff regulation rate to characterize the supply level of urban waterlogging regulation and expressed the demand level of urban waterlogging regulation by hazard index (surface runoff and municipal drainage capacity), exposure index (number of people and buildings affected by disaster), and vulnerability index (the composition of people affected by disaster and the types of buildings affected by disaster), so as to construct a technical route and indicator system. The purpose of this study is to identify the key areas where urban waterlogging regulates the imbalance between supply and demand, and to determine the priority of planning intervention. Based on this, we took Xiamen Island as an example, used remote sensing data and population, social, and economic data, and used ArcMap10.8, ENVI5.3 and GeoDA platforms to evaluate the supply and demand level and their spatial distribution characteristics of urban waterlogging regulation service at the block scale. We found that urban green space could effectively provide waterlogging regulation service, and woodland was stronger than grassland; at the same time, the waterlogging regulation service provided by urban green spaces was restricted by rainfall. Hazard index, exposure index, and vulnerability index jointly determined the level of demand for urban waterlogging regulation service. The spatial distribution results show that the supply and demand levels regulated by waterlogging have obviously spatial agglomeration characteristics. Furthermore, we used the matching degree of supply and demand to divide the research unit into four types: high supply-high demand, low supply-high demand, low supply-low demand, and high supply-low demand. 114 key areas with severe imbalance between supply and demand were identified. These areas are facing the challenge of shortage of waterlogging regulation supply and need to be optimized in the future urban planning process. On this basis, we used the priority index to divide these key areas into units with five planning intervention priorities, and clarified the priority areas of urban waterlogging management. The research results provide a new scientific basis for formulating targeted urban waterlogging management strategies. At the same time, it has important theoretical and practical significance in mitigating urban waterlogging disasters and promoting the new type of human-centric urbanization.