菇类菌丝复合性饮品之基因毒性及急性毒性试验探讨

Abstract

以樟芝(Antrodiacinnamomea)菌丝体发酵液为主另外添加各1% (v/v)舞茸(Grifolafrondosa)子实体浓缩萃取液、巴西蘑菇(Agaricusblazei)菌丝体40倍浓缩发酵滤液、桑黄(Phellinus linteus)子实体浓缩萃取液及云芝(Coriolus versicolor)菌丝体40倍浓缩发酵滤液再经调整糖酸比而成。为了解其安全性，乃以三项基因毒及小鼠口服急性毒性试验来评估。结果显示，在五株沙门氏杆菌回复突变测试中，不论在有无S9代谢活化的情况下，每个测试剂量组之回复突变菌落数均未达阴性对照组的两倍以上，显示其不具致突变之性质。体外哺乳类细胞染色体变异测试之结果经卜瓦松分布分析后显示，在短时间处理以及长时间处理各组中，皆未观察到具染色体变异之细胞数，与阴性对照组有显著差异。故对哺乳类细胞CHO-K1不具有致染色体变异之基因毒性。生体内哺乳类动物细胞微核试验，亦未见具诱发小鼠周边血球细胞产生微核的能力，亦不影响其造血机能。口服急性毒性试验结果显示，对ICR雄鼠及雌鼠之口服单一极限急性毒性剂量10 ml/kg bw下，并未发现死亡及临床异常症状。 Concentrated aqueous extract from Grifolafrondosa fruit body (1% v/v), Agaricusblazai mycelia (40X), Phellinus linteus fruit body (50X) and Coriolus versicolor mycelia (40X) was added to the mycelium fermentation broth of Antrodia cinnamomea to produce a mushroom mycelia complex drink after the adjustment of the sweet and sour ratio. To better understand the safety of this drink, a battery of three genotoxicity tests and an acute toxicity test in mice were carried out in this study. Results showed that this complex drink did not increase the number of revertant colonies in any of the five test strains when compared with the negative control plates, regardless of the metabolic activation, in contrast to twice or more differences for five positive controls, indicating that the drink present no mutagenic activity. In the chromosome aberration test, neither short-term nor continuous treatment induced higher frequency of aberrations that were significantly different from negative controls. This result demonstrated that the mushroom mycelia complex drink was not genotoxic to CHO-K1 cells. In the mammalian in vivo micronucleus test, this drink did not increase the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in peripheral blood and had no significant effects on hematopoietic parameters. In the acute toxicity test, a single administration of the drink at dose of 10 ml/kg bw did not cause any morbidity or mortality in both male and female ICR mice.