个体不同情绪状态下对外界情绪刺激的注意

Abstract

情绪对注意有着十分重要的影响。本研究主要探讨个体对情绪刺激的注意，是否受当前所处情绪状态的影响。42名大学生参加了本实验。首先让被试观看一段积极或者消极的视频，以诱发相应的情绪状态。随后让被试完成注意瞬脱任务，要求被试判断T1是鲜花还是动物，T2的情绪效价是积极、中性还是消极。结果发现，无论情绪状态如何，负性刺激均难以被发现，而积极和中性刺激无差异；同时，对于负性刺激而言，与处于积极情绪状态相比，处于负性情绪状态时，更难被注意到。该研究表明，个体所处情绪状态对情绪刺激的注意产生了影响，尤其是对负性刺激的注意，且这种影响，可能与回避动机、投入更多认知资源、注意范围狭窄有关。 Emotion has an important influence on attention. The present study mainly investigates the in-fluences of emotional state on humans’ attention to emotional stimuli. In this study, forty-two college students were tested. Prior to the experimental task, subjects were required to watch a positive or negative video to induce corresponding emotional state. Subsequently, subjects were asked to complete an attentional blink task, during which subjects were firstly asked to judge if T1 was a flower or an animal, and then to classify T2 according to their emotional valence (positive, neutral or negative). It was found that, regardless of individual emotional state, negative stimuli were the most difficult to be detected, and there were no differences in the detection of positive and neutral stimuli. Meanwhile, compared to those in the positive mood state, subjects in negative mood state found it more difficult to detect negative stimuli. The study showed that the emotional state of the individual had an impact on attention devotion to emotional stimuli, especially on the attention to negative stimuli. And this effect may be related to avoidance motivation, devoting more cognitive resources, and to the narrowing of the attention breadth during negative stimulation.