Abstract
Ionizing radiations have been used for medical care more than 100 years. The types of radiations begin in the X-ray spread to a variety of radiation. Quantum beams such as photon, neutron, pion, proton, and heavy-ion have their each own physical characteristic, especially in the energy distribution in matter. Charged particle beam show a Bragg's peak, give higher energy deposition, and produce unique track structure of energy deposition. These characteristics lead special biological effects on livings and show advantages in cancer therapy. They have become actively use of ion beam in cancer therapy at present. Present status of cancer therapy with those quantum beams in the world and in Japan, and its physical and biological characteristics will be introduced in this paper.
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