高焦虑个体对情绪面孔的无意识注意偏向

Abstract

本研究采用中国化面孔情绪图片作刺激材料，通过阈下情绪启动任务比较高低特质焦虑个体对不同情绪面孔效价判断的正确率的差异。探讨高、低特质焦虑个体对正负性信息的无意识注意偏向的差异。结果发现：1) 呈现正性图片时，高焦虑个体在非启动条件下的正确率显著高于启动条件和控制条件。低焦虑组没有显著差异；2) 呈现负性图片时，高低焦虑个体在启动和控制条件下的正确率显著高于非启动条件；3) 在启动条件下，高焦虑个体对负性图片判断的正确率远高于正性图片，低焦虑个体没有显著差异；4) 在控制条件下，高低焦虑个体对负性目标图片判断的正确率显著高于正性目标图片。结论：高焦虑个体对威胁面孔存在无意识注意偏向。人们对恐惧情绪的反应强于其它表情。 The study was designed to investigate the differences in the unconscious attention bias to positive and negative information in high trait anxiety and low trait anxiety individuals. Face pictures taken from Chinese Affective Picture System of Faces were used as stimuli. High trait anxiety (HTA) and low trait anxiety (LTA) individuals were tested with a subliminal emotional priming paradigm to examine the correct rates of judgments of different emotional faces. Results: 1) When presented the positive pictures, the hits rate in non-priming condition was significantly higher than in priming and control condition in HTA individuals, while there were no differences in LTA individuals; 2) When presented the negative pictures, the hits rate in priming and control condition was significantly higher than in non-priming condition in both HTA and LTA individuals; 3) Under subliminal priming condition, the hits rate of negative pictures was significantly higher than the positive pictures in HTA individuals, while there were no differences in LTA individuals; 4) Under subliminal control condition, the hits rate of negative pictures was significantly higher than the positive pictures in both HTA and LTA individuals. Conclusion: The unconscious processing of threat information of HTA individuals enhanced the conscious processing of threat information. Another conclusion of this study was that compared with other expressions, people were more sensitive to fear.