刺参养殖池塘初级生产力及其粒级结构周年变化

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 刺参养殖池塘初级生产力及其粒级结构周年变化 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304240801 作者: 作者单位: 盐城师范学院,大连海洋大学,盐城师范学院,大连海洋大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（30901107）；国家科技部“863”计划项目（2006AA10Z410）；盐城市农业科技创新专项引导资金项目；江苏省滩涂生物资源与环境保护重点建设实验室开放课题（JLCBE13002） Annual variations of the primary productivity and its size-fractioned structure in culture ponds of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka Author: Affiliation: Yancheng Teachers University,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究了刺参（Apostichopus japonicus Selenka）养殖池塘浮游植物初级生产力及粒级结构的周年变化规律，旨在明确刺参养殖池塘的基础生态学特征，为刺参养殖生产和管理提供科学支持。结果表明：刺参养殖池塘初级生产力年平均值为（5.16±3.04）gO2 m-2 d-1，全年呈现明显的季节变化，初级生产量分别在初春、夏季和初冬形成高峰。初级生产力群落净产量占毛产量的 50.2%。P/R值与日P/B系数的年平均值分别为 2.20 ± 1.25 和 0.39 ± 0.35。按初级生产力水平和P/R值划分的水体营养类型，调查刺参养殖池塘属富营养型水体；初级生产量随深度的增加而递减，最高生产层约在透明度的0.5倍处，且0.5倍透明度（约50 cm）以上水层初级生产量占水柱总产量的56.3%；不同粒级浮游植物生产量占总生产量的百分比具有明显的季节变化。除夏季外，以小型浮游植物（micro-，20-200 μm）对初级生产力的贡献最大（43.5%），夏季为微型浮游植物（nano-，2-20 μm）对初级生产力贡献最大（35.3%）。 以年平均值计算，不同粒级浮游植物初级生产量占总生产量百分比的大小顺序为：小型（40.1%）> 微型（28.2%）> 中大型（16.1%）> 超微型（15.7%）。回归分析表明：试验池塘初级生产力水平与水温、营养盐中的氨氮和亚硝酸氮均呈显著的相关关系（P<0.05）。结果提示，刺参养殖池塘初级生产力的季节变化显著，垂直分布并不均匀，小型浮游植物是其生态系统中的主要生产者。 Abstract:During October 2005 to October 2006, the annual variations of the primary productivity (PP) of phytoplankton and its size-fractioned structure in the culture ponds of Apostichopus japonicus Selenka were investigated on the coast of North Yellow Sea, Dalian, Liaoning Province of China. This study aimed to determine the basic ecological characteristics in culture ponds of A. japonicus, provide scientific supports for production and management of A. japonicus culture. The mean area of the experimental ponds was 3.0 hm2 with mean water depth as 1.8 m. Mean seeding density of cultured animals and seed size in the ponds were 49829 ind./hm2 and 1.25 g/ind. During the experiment seawater temperature varied from -1.4 to 26.5 ℃, salinity 25.5 to 34.5‰, pH 7.56 to 8.23, transparency 0.2 to 1.8 m and annual mean value of NH4+-N was (0.05 ± 0.03) mg/L. PP was estimated by dark and light bottles method. The depths of suspending bottles were generally 20 cm (surface layer), 0.5 ×, 1 × and 2 × of transparency, time of suspending bottles was 10:00-14:00, the amount of dissolved oxygen was determined by Winkler method, then PP in the whole day was calculated according to the results. Determination of size-fractioned structure of PP: Water samples were filtered by 200 μm sieve silk, 20 μm, 2 μm and 0.2 μm filter membrance, then the raw water and fractionated water samples were placed into dark and light bottles to suspend at the surface layer in the middle of each pond. Time of suspending bottles and determination method of dissolved oxygen were as same as PP experiment. The subtraction method was used to calculate PP of different size-fractioned phytoplanktons, while hydrochemical parameters were measured by Chinese national standards. The results showed that the annual mean value of PP was (5.16 ± 3.04) gO2 m-2 d-1 in the culture ponds, which obviously presented seasonal variations. PP reached peaks in early spring, summer and early winter, respectively. The percentage that net production of community in gross production of PP was 50.2%. The annual mean values of P/R value and daily P/B ratio were (2.20 ± 1.25) and (0.39 ± 0.35). According to the nutrient types of water which was determined by the level of PP and P/R value, the experimental ponds were eutrophic water. PP decreased with the increase of water depths. The water layer of highest production was approximately at the depth of 0.5 times of transparency. PP above 0.5 times of transparency (about 50 cm) accounted for 56.3% in total production of water column. The percentages of productions of different size-fractioned phytoplanktons in total production presented obvious seasonal variations. The contribution of micro-phytoplankton (20-200 μm) to PP was the largest (43.5%) except in summer. In summer, the largest part to PP was contributed by nano-phytoplankton (2-20 μm) (35.3%). The percentages of PP of different size-fractioned phytoplanktons in total prodution that were ordered as: micro- (40.1%) > nano- (28.2%) > meso-macro (16.1%) > pico- (15.7%). Regression analysis showed that PP in the experimental ponds with water temperature, NH4+-N, NO2--N were of significant correlation (P < 0.05), respectively. The results indicated that the seasonal variation of PP was obvious, which vertical distribution was not uniform, micro-phytoplankton was the main producer in a culture pond of A. japonicus. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献