Abstract
Recently, many reinforcement measures have been developed to prevent gravestones from overturning. In this study, we focus attention on the interlocking reinforcement measure using steel bars. This reinforcement measure is widely used, but there are no specifications as to how long, how thick and how many steel bars should be used. To clarify the adequate size and installation method of steel bars, 3-dimensional shaking table tests of full-scale Japanese.type gravestones are conducted. Seismic waves with seismic intensity of 6, 6+ and 7 are used as input ground motions. Seismic behavior of four gravestones, one without reinforcement, one with a long and thick steel bar, one with a short and thin steel bar, one with two short and thin steel bars, are compared. Moreover, numerical simulations of gravestones are done using 3DDEM, and effective reinforcement measures are discussed.
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