脂肪组织转化关键因子的研究进展

Abstract

脂肪组织科分为褐色脂肪组织(Brown adipose tissue, BAT)和白色脂肪组织(white adipose tissue)。BAT为一种特化的产热组织，是小型哺乳动物非颤抖性产热的主要部位。PRDM16 (PR domain-con- taining 16)锌指蛋白在BAT中特异性表达，可触发BAT细胞中PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferators-ac- tivated receptor-γcoactivator-1)和解偶联蛋白1基因等的表达，是促进褐色脂肪细胞形成的关键调控因子。BMP7 (Bone morphogenetic proteins 7)也可激活PRDM16和PGC-1α等基因的表达，刺激BAT细胞分化及产热增强。COXII (cyclooxygenase-2)、PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α)、PGC-1α是褐色脂肪细胞分化与代谢中的关键调控因子。在WAT中COXII是肾上腺素信号通路的一个效应分子，对于WAT中诱导形成褐色脂肪细胞是必需的。PPARα在BAT中的表达水平高于WAT，能诱导BAT中的产热相关基因的表达及原代褐色脂肪细胞的生成。PGC-1α也能诱导WAT中褐色脂肪细胞的形成，在褐色脂肪细胞分化的过程中PGC-1α表达量上升。本论文对脂肪转化过程中关键因子进行研究，并且对于小型哺乳动物的脂肪转化研究给出一些展望。 Adipose tissue is divided into brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). BAT was a specialized thermogenic tissue, which was the main site of nonshivering thermogenesis in small mammals. PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) was a brown adipose determination factor. It was selectively expressed in BAT and induced the expression of α subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1 (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 1. BMP7 could stimulate brown adipocyte differentiation and enhance thermogenesis by activating the expression PRDM16 and PGC-1α genes. COXII, PPARα and PGC-1α were the key regulatory factors of differentiation and metabolism in brown adipocyte. COXII was an effector molecule of adrenergic pathway in WAT. It was necessary for the formation of brown adipocytes. PPARα expression level in BAT was higher than WAT. It could induce the expression of thermogenesis related genes and promote the generation of primary brown adipocyte. PGC-1α also could induce the formation of brown adipocytes in WAT. In the process of brown adipocytes differentiation, PGC-1α expression level increased. In this paper, the key factors of transformation of adipose tissue were studied, and some prospects for the study of the fat tissue transformation of small mammals were given.