浅田孝の子供に対する環境開発の手法に関する研究

Abstract

Takashi Asada belonged to Kenzo Tange's laboratory and starting with Reconstruction planning of Hiroshima City (1946-47), he was the main partner when Kenzo Tange designed Hiroshima peace center (1952) as well as Kagawa prefectural Government Hall (1958). Independently, he also designed Showa Station of Antarctica (1957), managed World Design Conference (1960) etc, and had played the important role in various fields beyond architecture planning and design. In 1961, Asada established "KANKYO KAIHATSU CENTER" with the meaning "research center for environmental development and design" which is the first consultant of urban and regional city planning in Japan. "KANKYO KAIHATSU RON" (1969) which means "theory of environmental development" was the only book written by Asada. He attended to establish the theory of environmental development and carry various works out through his concept as one of pioneers in Japan however Asada's theory of Environmental Development has not been clarified specifically. In his actualized works, there are 2 projects for children: Kodomo no Kuni as national children land in Yokohama (1962-72) and the development in Goshikidai of Kagawa (1965-71). This study aims to clarify Asada's method of environmental development for children through the analysis of 2 actualized projects as a part of his method of environmental development as follow. (1) Collecting information on projects and discourse concerned with children by Asada to clarify his theory for children. (2) Analysis of reflection of Asada's theory for children in program, planning and design of Kodomo no Kuni. (3) Analysis of organization frameworks and decision-making process in Kodomo no Kuni and ascertaining his role in 10 organizations. (4) Clarify points of common and development between Kodomo no Kuni and the development in Goshikidai. Throughout the analysis, the following 5 points have become clear. 1. Asada had his theory that children should act and play voluntarily in nature environment for education planned and design as less as possible. He believe in this environment encourages them self-development. In development of Goshikidai, outdoor activities had been taken in the program of school education with cooperation of governor and superintendent of education in Kagawa Prefecture. 2. Asada played an important part in site selection for Kodomo no Kuni. And that action changed the plan of Kodomo no kuni from smaller site(36ha) to the bigger site(96ha). 3. At first, the plan of Kodomo no Kuni was programmed to focus on artificial facilities like Disneyland. Asada denied it and planned minimal facilities for children's various outdoor activities. The completed plan followed Asada's concept and program generally. 4. Asada trended to introduce master plan like the cluster pattern and distributed facilities dispersively in each zone separated along the topographic features to suppress unnecessary development on nature in planning design of each project consistently. Asada tried to reuse architectural remains in Kodomo no Kuni and planned Goshikidai including existing temples, industry or facilities for children's activities and sightseeing. 5. Asada not only did planning and design, but also suggested concerning PR, management or personal affairs in each organizations of Kodomo no Kuni. In implementation process, he organized group formed of specialists, designers and architects in different field in order to design the environment comprehensively without differentiating fields and scales. Asada used the method of environmental development in cross-sectional fields to control organization in both decision-making and design and connected several organizations to design the environment comprehensively like Kodomo no Kuni.