Abstract
The hydraulic performance of a 3-element automotive torque converter is analyzed by making flow measurements with 5-hole pitot tubes between these elements. The performance of each element, such as head, loss of head and efficiency, is evaluated. The results show that the pump is the major source of head loss in the range of speed ratio where vehicles are most frequently operated in daily driving. The loss coefficients for the three elements are also evaluated using a one-dimen-sional flow model. For the turbine, the coefficient of friction loss is nearly constant over the entire range of the tested speed ratio, whereas the coefficient for the pump and the stator varies consider-ably according to the operating speed ratio. The mechanism of loss generation in the pump and the stator is investigated using flow visualization in the vicinity of the passage walls. This procedure is useful not only for improving the accuracy of the performance prediction, but also for determining the direction of the improved design.
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