黄河流域濒危物种保护热点区与保护空缺识别

Abstract

黄河流域具有重要的生物多样性保护意义，通过研究珍稀濒危物种分布热点区可为生物多样性保护提供依据。选取70种濒危维管植物和陆生脊椎动物，综合多来源的分布数据，运用物种分布模型Maxent模拟物种分布区，结合自然地理区划，计算保护价值，进行热点区分析，并结合国家级自然保护区和国家公园体制试点区的分布情况进行空缺分析。研究结果显示，黄河流域濒危物种分布主要呈现出南高北低、集中于山地的特征，热点区包括秦岭区域、太行山区域、子午岭-六盘山区域、陇中高原至松潘高原、祁连山、贺兰山和沿黄湿地等。在区分自然地理区后，现有的国家级自然保护区和国家公园体制试点区覆盖了热点区面积的13.89%，保护空缺主要出现于子午岭南部、六盘山南部、松潘高原南部和拉脊山等。建议在推进黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展中将濒危物种热点区考虑在内，对黄河流域自然保护地体系进行优化，并针对黄河流域的三个自然地理分区提出了相应的保护建议。此外，研究发现，在进行热点区分析时，考虑自然地理区域划分，并综合多类群叠加和单一生物类群的分析结果进行统筹考虑，可能会更好满足生物多样性就地保护需求。;The Yellow River Basin has important biodiversity protection significance. Research on the distribution hotspots of rare and endangered species can provide a basis for biodiversity protection and establishing protected area system. In this study, 70 endangered species were selected, including 26 vascular plants and 44 terrestrial vertebrates. Distribution data from multiple sources of these species were integrated to provide distribution point samples for modeling. The species distribution model Maxent was used to simulate distribution areas. All the Maxent simulation results were superimposed according to different taxa and physical geographical regions, and we calculated the biodiversity conservation value for analyzing hot spots. the conservation gaps were analyzed by integrating the distribution layer of national nature reserves and national parks (pilot area). Results show that the distribution of endangered species in the Yellow River Basin is mainly high in the south, and is concentrated in the mountain areas. The hot spots include Qinling Mountains, Taihang Mountains, Ziwuling-Liupan Mountains, Longzhong Plateau to Songpan Plateau, Qilian Mountains, Helan Mountains, and wetlands along the Yellow River. After distinguishing the geographical regions, the existing national nature reserves and national parks (pilot area) cover 13.89% of the hot spots' area, and the protection gaps are mainly found in the southern Ziwuling Mountains, the southern Liupanshan Mountains, the southern Songpan Plateau and the Laki Mountains. It is suggested that the threatened species hotspots should be taken into account in ecological conservation and high-quality development planning of the Yellow River Basin, and the natural protected area system of the Yellow River Basin should be optimized. For three different physical geographical regions in Yellow River Basin, specific suggestions are put forward:in Qinghai-Tibet Alpine Region, the protected areas should be optimized and biodiversity survey should be strengthened; in Northwest Arid and Semi-arid Region, lakes in Ordos Plateau are worthy of the enhanced protection; in Eastern Monsoon Region, the leopard, great bustard and Baer's pochard should be considered as key species and put more efforts on their habitat protection. In addition, this study also shows that, when analyzing biodiversity hotspots, considering the division of physically geographic regions and combining the hot spot analysis results of multiple taxa and single taxa for overall consideration may be better for meeting the needs of biodiversity in-situ conservation.